Download - Order Rodentia Family Cricetidae
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Order RodentiaFamily Cricetidae
• Diastema• 1 pair incisors• Ears shorter than tail• Eyes, ears visible• Tail with fur, or
laterally flattened; not bushy
• Tail shorter than head and body
Peromyscus leucopus
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Onychomys leucogaster
Identification: Stocky body; thick tail with blunt tip; dorsum brownish; venter white; molars cuspidate
Distribution: West, southeast Iowa
Habitat: Prairies; burrow in grassy areas; need bare areas for dustbathing
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Onychomys leucogasterDiet: Invertebrates, carrion,
herbaceous vegetation, seeds
Reproduction: Multiple litters of 1-6 annually
Conservation: Rare (formerly Endangered); possibly adapting to agriculture and increasing
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Reithrodontomys megalotis
Identification: Long bicolored tail; fur bristly, short; dorsum yellow-brown to gray; venter white; upper incisor face grooved
Distribution: Statewide
Habitat: Grassy habitats; spherical nest of grasses, fibers, down
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Reithrodontomys megalotis
Diet: Seeds, grains, herbaceous vegetation; some invertebrates
Reproduction: Up to 14
litters of 1-9 annually
Conservation: Fairly common
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Peromyscus leucopusIdentification: Large eyes; fur not very bristly; incisors lack grooves; bicolored tail in winter; dorsum brown to gray; dorsum white (TL 160-200)
Distribution: Statewide
Habitat: Tall weedy, brushy, wooded habitat
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Peromyscus leucopus
Diet: Nuts, seeds, berries, invertebrates
Reproduction: Several
litters of 1-7 annually
Conservation: Common
Other: Carrier of Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome
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Synaptomys cooperiIdentification: Small eyes, ears; tail about same length as hind foot; face of upper incisors grooved; dorsum usually brownish; venter grayish brown
Distribution: Formerly statewide; presently poorly known
Habitat: Wet grassy areas
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Synaptomys cooperi
Diet: Leaves, grasses, twigs, roots, fungi, mosses, ferns
Reproduction: Multiple litters of 2-6
Conservation: Threatened; few recent records
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Clethrionomys gapperi
Identification: Small eyes, ears; dorsum with reddish stripe flanked by gray; venter grayish to white
Distribution: Northern Iowa
Habitat: Cold, moist forests and open wet areas; tunnel under logs
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Clethrionomys gapperiDiet: Nuts, seeds, berries,
herbaceous vegetation, some invertebrates
Reproduction: Multiple litters of 2-10
Conservation: Endangered; likely survives only in Pilot Knob State Park, Hancock County
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Microtus pinetorumIdentification: Small eyes
and ears; tail longer than hind foot, and up to 29 mm; fur soft and velvety; dorsum reddish to reddish brown
Distribution: Statewide
Habitat: Old-growth forest
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Microtus pinetorumDiet: Nuts, seeds, roots,
grasses, bark
Reproduction: Multiple litters of up to 3 young
Conservation: Uncommon
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Microtus ochrogaster
Identification: Small eyes and ears; tail usually > 29 mm; fur long and coarse; dorsum brown to gray with salt-and-pepper appearance; venter usually yellowish; tail somewhat bicolored; molars with 5,4,4 islands of dentine
Distribution: Statewide
Habitat: Dry, grassy areas
Molars
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Microtus ochrogasterDiet: Green vegetation, roots,
seeds, bark
Reproduction: Multiple litters of 1-7
Conservation: Generally common, uncommon in east Iowa; probably declining due to agriculture
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Microtus pennsylvanicus
Identification: Small eyes, ears; tail usually longer than 29 mm; fur soft; dorsum brown to gray with salt-and-pepper appearance; venter usually gray; 3 molars with 5,5,5-6 islands of dentine
Distribution: Statewide
Habitat: Moist grassy areas
Molars
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Microtus pennsylvanicusDiet: Green vegetation, seeds
Reproduction: Multiple litters of 1-11
Conservation: Very abundant; probably increasing; densities may reach 100 per acre
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Order RodentiaFamily CricetidaeOndatra zibethicus
picture by Mark F. Wallner
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Ondatra zibethicus•25-36 cm long
•Tail 20-28 cm
•Shoulder height 13 cm
•908-1816 g
Plump, rat shaped body
Entire body covered with fur, feet and tail hairless
Small ears and eyes hidden within fur
Hind feet partially webbed
Tail scaly, black and flattened vertically
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Ondatra zibethicus
•Skull contains 16 teeth
•4 large incisors (2cm)
•Used for cutting plant material
Dental Formula
1-1-0-0-0-03-3
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Ondatra zibethicus•North America 1.8 mil years ago
•One of most widely distributed
•Require marshy area salt/freshwater
•Water depth 1-2 m
•Cattails, pondweeds, and bulrushes
•Food and nest material
•In prime habitat, 25/ acre
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Ondatra zibethicus
• Crepuscular organism
• Feeds mainly on aquatic vegetation
• Build dens of cattails, reeds and mud
• Important waterfowl nesting habitat
• 1982-83 about 7 million muskrats trapped
• Fur yielded a profit of 28 million dollars
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Ondatra zibethicusreferences
• Jones, J. Knoox, Jr. and Elmer C. Birney. 1988. Handbook of Mammals of the North-central states. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis. 346 pp. ISBN 0-8166- 1420-2
• Kays, Roland and Don E. Wilson. 2002. Mammals of North America. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey. 240 pp. ISBN 0-691-07012-1
• Willner, G.R.,G.A. Feldhamer, E.E. Zucker, and J.A. Chapman. 1980. Ondatra zibethicus. Mamm. Species, 141:1-8
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Peromyscus maniculatusbairdii
Deer mouseSara Eubanks
A ECL 364
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Peromyscus maniculatus bairdii: deer mouseSara Eubanks
• Identification: smallest Peromyscus in north central region, dorsum dark, grayish brown, ventral white, tail distinctly bicolored, dark on top and white on bottom tipped with a tuft of short, stiff hairs. (TL 125-160, tail 42-65, hind foot 15-19, ear 13-15, weight 12-25 g)
www.yahoo.com
www.bear-tracker.com
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Peromyscus maniculatus bairdii• Habitat: Open, except in
woodlands and wet, swampy lowlands. Thrives in grassy areas, weedy fields, along overgrown fencerows and roadsides.
• Diet: omnivorous; eat insects, invertebrates, and seeds; get most of water from dew and water in their food.
www.nsrl.ttu.edu/tmot1.peromani.htm
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Peromyscus maniculatus bairdii
• Distribution: statewide
• Reproduction: several litters annually of 1-11 offspring, usually 4-6. Nests are constructed below ground level in a burrow dug by occupant or abandoned by another small animal. Young are weaned at 3 weeks and can breed at 5 to 6 weeks old.
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Peromyscus maniculatus bairdii
• Conservation status: Abundant; densities can reach 11 mice per acre depending on habitat.
http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Peromyscus_
maniculatus.html.
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Peromyscus maniculatus bairdii
• Other: Host of a strain of hantavirus called Sin Nombre virus (also called Four Corners or Muerto Canyon virus). This causes fatal disease in humans termed pulmonary syndrome
• Nocturnal
• In winter, ten or more of mixed sexes huddle together in nests to conserve heat.
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Peromyscus maniculatus bairdii
• References
• Bunker, A. 2001. "Peromyscus maniculatus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed September 26, 2004 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Peromyscus_maniculatus.html.
• Kays, R.W. and D.E. Wilson. 2002. The Mammals of North America. Princeton University press, Princeton, New Jersey.
• Jones, J.K. and E.C. Birney. 1988. Handbook of Mammals of the North-central States. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis.
• http://www.wildwnc.org/af/deermouse.html