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Operating Smartly in a Networked World
Christian Posse, LinkedIn
BASNA 2010, Bangalore
Thursday, January 6, 2011
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Do you Google yourself?
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What do you do to put yourself in the right place for people to
find you?
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How do you network efficiently, separating
signals from the noise?
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How do you participate in the professional dialogue?
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Thursday, January 6, 2011
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Professional Identity
Thursday, January 6, 2011
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Professional Identity
Web of Trusted Relationships
Thursday, January 6, 2011
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Professional Identity
Web of Trusted Relationships
Groups, Q&A, Network Updates and Sharing, Signal
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LinkedIn at a glance• Founded in 2003• #14 site in the US (Alexa)• 85m+ members• First million members = 477 days• Latest million = 12 days• 12m+ small business professionals• 78% college educated, 42% decision makers• Average age: 43• 1m+ company profiles• 700K professionally-oriented groups• 1bn+ people searches in 2009• 100K+ members joining groups every day• 3X job postings and applications in the past year
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Internationally
• 50% members are outside the US
• Over 200 countries & territories represented
• 18m+ members in Europe
• 50% of the addressable market in the Netherlands
• 7m+ members in India
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How do we keep the lights on?
• Profitable since 2007
• Well diversified and international revenue
• Subscriptions
• Advertising Sales
• Hiring Solutions
• 60+% of Fortune 100, 25+% of FTSE 100 use LinkedIn’s corporate recruiting solutions
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Professional Identity
Web of Trusted Relationships
Groups, Q&A, Network Updates and Sharing, Signal
Let’s talk analytics
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How do we think of analytics?
Data jujitsuThursday, January 6, 2011
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Data jujitsuDef(jujitsu) = The “art of softness”. A method for defeating an armed opponent without using weapons.
Def(data jujitsu) = Using (multiple)data elements in clever ways to solve iterative or auxiliary data problems that when combined solve a data problem that might otherwise be intractable.
Thursday, January 6, 2011
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Data jujitsu comes in three formsProduct Analytics
• User facing products• Behind the scenes product enablement• Rapid prototyping
Data Insights & Business Intelligence• Understanding the user and usage• Reporting• A/B testing • Exposing demographic trends
Fraud, Abuse & Risk
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Data jujitsu via SNA•Degree, indegree, outdegree
•Velocity
• PageRank
•Community detection
•Connection strength
•Multi-scale:
• Content, connections, behavior
• Dynamic, static
•Network visualization
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Case 1
The simplest recommendation product to build....
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Item-based collaborative filtering
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Case 2
Filtering out LIONs
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LinkedIn Open Network
LIONs’ goal:
Collect as many connections as possible
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LIONs
2008 published numbers
1 Ron Bates 40,000+2 Andrew 'Flip' Filipowski 35,000+3 Kenneth W. Weinberg 35,000+4 Wei Guan 25,000+5 Jan Mulder 25,000+
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LIONs characteristics
• Not all members with large # of connections are LIONs
• Have maxed out the # of invitations they can send
• Low acceptance rate of their sent invitations
• Almost 100% acceptance rate for received invitations
• Received invitations from all over LinkedIn
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Definitively not a LION
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How can we score LIONS?2 directed graphs• G1 = sent and received invites
• G2 = accepted sent and received invites
Score = F(indegrees & outdegrees in G1 & G2)
Add the connection graph G
Score = F(indegrees & outdegrees in G1 & G2,
#communities in G or clustering coefficient of G )
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0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
0.322 - 0.610
0.899 - 1.188
1.477 - 1.766
2.054 - 2.343
2.632 - 2.921
3.210 - 3.787
3.787 - 4.365
4.365 - 4.943
4.943 - 5.520
5.520 - 6.098
6.098 - 6.676
6.676 - 7.253
7.253 - 7.831
7.831 - 8.408
8.408 - 8.986
8.986 - 0.000
freq
uenc
y
Reid
Recruiter
System Engineer!
LinkedIn LION Scores
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Case 3
Can Item-based collaborative filtering power similarity products?
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• Issues to deal with• Co-occurrences may come from different interests
• ‘single-minded’ community detection
• May require stronger signal at the cost of sparseness of co-occurrences
• Cold start problem in some cases
• Data jujitsu• I-CF data element(s) part of a more comprehensive
similarity ranker
• Co-views, co-follows, co-joins, co-applications, co-searches,(x,y) co-occurrences where (x,y) =(view,follow), ...(follow,join),...
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Job similarity search
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Group similarity search
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Similar companies
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Similar companies
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Case 4
Can a simple personalized recommender be built leveraging my network?
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Let’s look at my network
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Let’s look at my network
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Let’s look at my network
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Let’s look at my network
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Let’s look at my network
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... and at a few othersLarger network smaller network
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• Issues to deal with (ideally)• account for the presence of communities
• Normalize counts wrt community size
• Open questions• Explicit or implicit communities? ... or both?
• How often do we need to update the communities?
• What about engagement?
• Data jujitsu• NB-P data element(s) integrated in a more general
recommender ranker
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TextText
Personalized groups recommendations
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Case 5
Helping you build your web of trusted relationships
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The most important data product we built...
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People You May Know
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How do we assess the constant improvements we are making to this
product?
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A/B testing
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Does someone’s network topology affect the impact of PYMK?
• Degree matters
• Natural boundary“The number of people a person will know in their lifetime ranges between 300 and 3000.” Tipping Point
... If you are not the outbound type (LION , recruiter,...)
Yes
• Sweet spot where PYMK engagement goes ballistic
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Does someone’s network topology affect the impact of PYMK?
• Need to explore the impact of structural holes (effective size, efficiency, constraint)
• Linked to social capitalwithin communities
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Case 6
Helping you participate in the professional dialogue
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Groups You May Like
Suggest relevant groups that you are more likely to participate in
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Data jujitu: Multi-layer scoring approach
1. Find relevant groups
2. For each group, determine the propensity for
you to participate in the group
3. Re-order relevant groups based on their
propensity score
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Data jujitu x 2: SNA based propensity score
Social learning
“People learn new behavior through observational learning of the social factors in their environment. If people observe positive, desired outcomes in the observed behavior, then they are more likely to model, imitate, and adopt the behavior themselves.”
Facebook 2009 Study
“Newcomers may not recognize the value of contribution. [...] We find support for social learning: newcomers who see their friends contributing go on to share more content themselves.
Burke et al: “Feed Me: Motivating Newcomer Contribution in Social Network Sites,” CHI’09
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One idea borrowed from expertise networks in online communities
• Group = Directed Graph(V,A)• V = group members + (?) RSS feeds• i → j if j comments on i’s initial posting
CEN: Communities Expertise Networks➠ CEN: Communities Engagement Networks
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• Given a CEN, consider the distributions of• the indegree (prestige) - engaging more is more prestigious• the outdegree - initiating the dialogue
P(din) ∼ din-α P(dout) ∼ dout
-β
➠ Group propensity score = F(α, β)
• For CENs large enough, such distributions usually follow a power law distribution
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• Alternatively, similar results can be obtained by considering the distance between the node distribution and the uniform distribution
where• α = dist(P(din), U(din)) • β = dist(P(dout), U(dout))• U(d) ∼ 1/|V|
➠ Group propensity score = F(α, β)
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Case 6
Network visualization
Thursday, January 6, 2011
![Page 57: Operating Smartly in a Networked World · 2011. 1. 10. · LinkedIn at a glance • Founded in 2003 • #14 site in the US (Alexa) • 85m+ members • First million members = 477](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051902/5ff235ed9275c863085ea799/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Blondel V, Guillaume J, Lambiotte R, Mech E (2008) Fast unfolding of communities in large net- works. J Stat Mech: Theory Exp 2008:P10008.
Thursday, January 6, 2011
![Page 58: Operating Smartly in a Networked World · 2011. 1. 10. · LinkedIn at a glance • Founded in 2003 • #14 site in the US (Alexa) • 85m+ members • First million members = 477](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051902/5ff235ed9275c863085ea799/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Coming soon!
Thursday, January 6, 2011
![Page 59: Operating Smartly in a Networked World · 2011. 1. 10. · LinkedIn at a glance • Founded in 2003 • #14 site in the US (Alexa) • 85m+ members • First million members = 477](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051902/5ff235ed9275c863085ea799/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Block Modeling Analysis
Thursday, January 6, 2011
![Page 60: Operating Smartly in a Networked World · 2011. 1. 10. · LinkedIn at a glance • Founded in 2003 • #14 site in the US (Alexa) • 85m+ members • First million members = 477](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051902/5ff235ed9275c863085ea799/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Evolution of communities
Thursday, January 6, 2011
![Page 61: Operating Smartly in a Networked World · 2011. 1. 10. · LinkedIn at a glance • Founded in 2003 • #14 site in the US (Alexa) • 85m+ members • First million members = 477](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051902/5ff235ed9275c863085ea799/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Thank You!
Thursday, January 6, 2011