Open Educational Practices
Serving Social Justice & Transforming Pedagogy
University Teaching Fellow & Psychology Instructor, Kwantlen Polytechnic UniversitySenior Open Education Advocacy & Research Fellow, BCcampus
Faculty Workshop Facilitator, Open Textbook Network
Rajiv Jhangiani, Ph.D.
@thatpsychprof
“higher education shall be equally accessible to all”
2.4 millionlow & moderate-income college-qualified
high school graduates could not complete college(2001-10)
The Advisory Committee on Student Financial Assistance http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED529499.pdf
$2,000
$3,000
$4,000
$5,000
$6,000
$7,000
$8,000
$9,000
$10,000
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014
US Higher Education Funding -‐ $/FTE
State Funding Tuition Revenue
http://www.sheeo.org
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
1,800
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Hours @
Minimum
Wage
Hours of Work Required to Afford Tuition(University of Minnesota)
1
Access codes• Eliminate no-cost
alternatives• Eliminate low-cost
alternatives• Create a direct link
between the ability to pay and ability to get good grades
What can YOU do?
• Survey your student body• #textbookbroke campaign• Presentations • Utilize visuals, create displays• Speak directly to faculty & admin• Suggest that faculty review a textbook• Showcase examples• Form a student-led OER group• Connect. Collaborate.
#TextbookBroke
#TextbookBroke
Buy used (if possible)Buy onlineResell (if possible)RentShared purchase(Inter)library loansPhotocopyInternational editionOld edition
– University of Minnesota student
“I figured French hadn't changed that much”
66.5% Not purchase the required textbook
47.6% Take fewer courses
45.5% Not register for a specific course
37.6% Earn a poor grade
26.1% Drop a course
19.8% Fail a course
����������������������
Florida Virtual Campus. (2016). 2016 student textbook and course materials survey. Tallahassee, FL: Author.
Revise Remix
Retain Redistribute
Reuse
Source: David Wiley, http://opencontent.org/blog/archives/3221March 5, 2014, CC-‐BY
open = free + permissions
Source: Creative Commons, 2015 State of the Commons report
rijksmuseum.nl
ted.comed.ted.com
rpsychologist.com
gutenberg.org
Not just free or low-cost textbooks
Not just digital textbooks
openstax.org
open.bccampus.ca
nobaproject.com
Source: Creative Commons, 2015 State of the Commons report
open.umn.edu
"Opening the Curriculum: Open Education Resources in U.S. Higher Education, 2014"by I. Elaine Allen & Jeff Seaman, Babson Survey Research Group is licensed under CC BY 4.0
80% 75%
Below average3%
Average20%
Above average34%
Excellent43%
HOW WOULD YOU RATE THE QUALITY OF YOUR OPEN TEXTBOOK?
Strongly agree6%
Slightly agree12%
Neither17%
Slightly disagree15%
Strongly disagree50%
WOULD YOU HAVE PREFERRED A TRADITIONAL TEXTBOOK?
Jhangiani & Jhangiani (2017)
HOW IMPORTANT TO YOU ARE THE FOLLOWING FEATURES OF YOUR OPEN TEXTBOOK?
12.6
6.7
9.6
7.8
2.9
1
13.6
22.1
15.4
4.9
1
1.9
31.1
20.2
21.2
16.5
10.6
9.6
21.4
26
21.2
32
36.5
26.9
21.4
25
32.7
38.8
49
60.6
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Shareability
Permanent retention
Option to print
Convenience/portability
Immediate access
Cost savings
Not important at all Of little importance Of average importance
Very important Absolutely essential Jhangiani & Jhangiani (in press)
I would not have bought the text book for this course because it's an elective. I would have possibly walked away with a C, now I might actually get an A-‐
It is easily accessible and convenient. Material is easy to understand and follow
I personally really like the convenience of having the complete set of chapters on my computer and even accessible from my phone if I need it. I like that I don't have to lug around another text book
It's free and it's a great money saver
13 Peer Reviewed Studies of Efficacy
http://openedgroup.org/
119,720 Students
http://openedgroup.org/
95% Same or BetterOutcomes
http://openedgroup.org/
openedgroup.org/review
Fischer et al. (2015)
• Quasi-‐experimental design• Propensity-‐score matched groups• 16,727 students taking 15 courses at 10 institutions• OER students:• Lower withdrawal rates• More likely to pass with a C-‐ or better• Higher course grades• Enrolled in more courses (current & subsequent semesters)
Fischer, L., Hilton, J., Robinson T. J., & Wiley, D. (2015). A multi-‐institutional study of the impact of open textbook adoption on the learning outcomes of post-‐secondary students. Journal of Computing in Higher Education, 27(3), 159-‐172. doi:10.1007/s12528-‐015-‐9101-‐x
Jhangiani et al. (under review)
Jhangiani, R., Dastur, F., LeGrand, R., & Penner, K. (under review). Introductory psychology textbooks: The roles of online vs. print and open vs. traditional textbooks.
0102030405060708090100
Exam 1 Exam 2 Exam 3
Percen
t Correct
Traditional
Open Print
Open Digital
p < 0.05 ns ns
“Mad” “Glad”
“Sad” “Rad”
Cost
Completing with C or Better
Student Success per Dollar
0 100%
$400
“Mad” “Glad”
“Sad” “Rad”
Cost
Completing with C or Better
Commercial
Student Success per Dollar
0 100%
$400
“Mad” “Glad”
“Sad” “Rad”
Cost
Completing with C or Better
Commercial
OER
Student Success per Dollar
0 100%
$400
Commercial vs. OER
Hilton et al. (2016)
Cost savings
Access
Outcomes
Adapt, update, & remix
Enrolment
Persistence
Completion
"Recycling Water Bottles" byMr.TinDC is licensed under CC BY-‐ND 2.0
Open Pedagogy: HOW
Deeper learning (Farzan & Kraut, 2013)
Evaluate and defend credibility of sources (Marentette, 2014)
Write more concisely and think more critically (Farzan & Kraut, 2013)
Collaborate with students from around the world (Karney, 2012)
Provide and receive constructive feedback (Ibrahim, 2012)
Enhance digital literacy (Silton, 2012)Communicate ideas to a general audience (APS, 2013)
22,000
37,000+
97%
Students who have taken on Wikipedia assignments since 2010
New articles that students have created
Instructors who say they will, or plan to, teach with Wikipedia again
Why have students answer questions when they can write them?
StudentsTopicsQuestions
3510
1400
PM4ID
Free + Freedom
"GB Airways A320"by Tony Evans is licensed under CC BY-‐ND 2.0
"IMG_1007"by Erica is licensed under CC BY 2.0