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OLC Spring Chapter Conferences 2004
Metadata, Schmetadata … Tell Me Why I Should Care?
OLC Spring Chapter Conferences, 2004
Margaret MaurerAssistant Professor, Cataloging Manager
Kent State University Libraries and Media Services
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OLC Spring Chapter Conferences 2004
Useful Resources
Metadata Fundamentals for All Librarians / Priscilla Caplan. ALA, 2003. 0-8389-0847-0
Introduction to Metadata, Pathways to Digital Information / Edited by Murtha Baca. Getty Information Institute, 1998. 0-89236-533-1
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OLC Spring Chapter Conferences 2004
What is Metadata?
Data about data Machine understandable information for the
web Data that describes the attributes of a resource,
e.g. its author(s), title, physical format, etc. A succinct and systematic set of information
that references, and can be used to retrieve efficiently and accurately, a larger set of information.
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OLC Spring Chapter Conferences 2004
Metadata
Cataloging is metadata, metadata is cataloging
Metadata can be information stored in <meta> tags in the headers for HTML pages
Library catalogs are metadata
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OLC Spring Chapter Conferences 2004
2003 OCLC Environmental Scan
Trends In the Technology Landscape: Bringing structure to unstructured data Distributed, component-based software A move to open-source software Security, authentication and digital rights
management
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OLC Spring Chapter Conferences 2004
Existing Metadata in Public Libraries
Traditional Library Information Systems Community Information
Directories of agencies and services Volunteer opportunities listings Events
Local historical and genealogical information
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OLC Spring Chapter Conferences 2004
Traditional Library Metadata
Collection catalogue Indexing services (magazines and
newspapers) MARC centric services Purchased content and data management
services
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OLC Spring Chapter Conferences 2004
Local Historical and Genealogical Information
Newspaper clippings stored in a digital images database
Indexes of non-digitized material Census, wills, property records, military
records, cemetery records, business directories, maps …
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OLC Spring Chapter Conferences 2004
Digitization Projects in Ohio Libraries
Digitization projects use metadata to describe images
47% of survey respondents were in some phase of a digitization project in Ohio in 2001
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OLC Spring Chapter Conferences 2004
Creating your own metadata
Define what the resources are Describe who will want to access
them and how Determine what standards exist to
describe that type of resource Adapt that standard and document it
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OLC Spring Chapter Conferences 2004
Entity
An object or thing about which information needs to be known or held. The resource being cataloged.
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OLC Spring Chapter Conferences 2004
Metadata Element A discrete unit of data about a
resource. Elements may be further qualified. 15 Dublin Core elements In MARC, each field is an element.
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OLC Spring Chapter Conferences 2004
Attribute A category of information about an
element or entity. Used to identify, qualify, classify or
quantify the element or entity. A list of attributes is defined for each
Dublin Core element in a particular application file.
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OLC Spring Chapter Conferences 2004
Metadata Scheme
A scheme that helps interpret element values.
Examples can include parsing rules, controlled vocabularies, or AACR rules or MARC21
A defined list of elements & rules for entering data
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OLC Spring Chapter Conferences 2004
Not one size fits all
No universal metadata type Coordination is tighter at the top than
where metadata is being designed
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OLC Spring Chapter Conferences 2004
Metadata Schemes Define:
Semantics – The meaning of the metadata elements themselves
Content Rules Syntax Context Management
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OLC Spring Chapter Conferences 2004
Types of Metadata
Descriptive metadata – resource discovery
Administrative metadata – management of resources
Structural metadata – machine necessary information
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OLC Spring Chapter Conferences 2004
Descriptive metadata
Aids in resource discovery MARC / AACR Dublin Core TEI (Text Encoding Initiative)
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OLC Spring Chapter Conferences 2004
Administrative metadata
Facilitates the management of the resource
Controls access to the resource Grants Permissions for use Rights management
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OLC Spring Chapter Conferences 2004
Structural metadata
Used by machines Seldom seen by the human eye
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OLC Spring Chapter Conferences 2004
DC Metadata Application Profiles
Application profiles: Formalized definitions Identifies controlled vocabularies (if
any) Human readable information about the
application and usage guidance
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OLC Spring Chapter Conferences 2004
Western States Dublin Core Metadata Best Practices
OhioLINK Draft Guidelines for Digital Media Center Metadata
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OLC Spring Chapter Conferences 2004
Metadata crosswalks
Based on datamapping Aid interoperability Authoritative mappings Generally round-trip mapping is not
supported without data distortion or loss
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OLC Spring Chapter Conferences 2004
Structures for Metadata
Non-connected metadata (databases) Embedded metadata
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OLC Spring Chapter Conferences 2004
Text Encoding Initiative (TEI) Headers
Coding for electronic texts Example of embedded metadata Closely related to ISBD
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OLC Spring Chapter Conferences 2004
Dublin Core Metadata Initiative
Example of metadata that can either be non-connected or embedded
General purpose scheme for resource description
15 elements Can be qualified
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OLC Spring Chapter Conferences 2004
Dublin Core (Continued)
Internationally accepted Flexible Interoperability Too few elements and qualifiers Lack of usage guidelines
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OLC Spring Chapter Conferences 2004
Dublin Core’s Purpose and Goals
To assist in and enhance resource discovery and description on the web.
To achieve semantic interoperability To be recognized as an international
standard.
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OLC Spring Chapter Conferences 2004
Metadata and searching – embedded <meta> tags
The internet is rife with data, but poor in metadata
Effective searching requires the ability to find what you are looking for and the ability to use what you find.
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OLC Spring Chapter Conferences 2004
Metadata and searching within a domain Search engines that index <meta> elements
Ultraseek Berkeley’s Swish-E Microsoft’s Index Server Blue Angel Technologies MetaStar Verity Livelink Search and Spider
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OLC Spring Chapter Conferences 2004
The good and the bad of Interoperability
Lack of a standard format Open Archives Initiative (OAI)
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OLC Spring Chapter Conferences 2004
So, What’s next?
Indexing & Cataloging are needed It’s our job Librarians as tool makers Volunteer!