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Oil & Natural GasOil & Natural Gas
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What do you think?What do you think?
Do Americans use too much oil?Do Americans use too much oil?
Should we try to produce more oil in Should we try to produce more oil in America (“drill here, drill now”)?America (“drill here, drill now”)?
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Fossil Fuel FormationFossil Fuel FormationOil and Natural Gas Oil and Natural Gas
Originated from Originated from microscopic marine microscopic marine organisms that organisms that accumulated on the accumulated on the ocean floor and were ocean floor and were covered by sedimentcovered by sediment
Natural gas often forms Natural gas often forms on top of oilon top of oil
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Oil and Gas FormationOil and Gas Formation
Olive oil
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Oil HistoryOil History
When was the When was the first commercial first commercial oil well drilled?oil well drilled?– 18591859
Where was it Where was it drilled?drilled?– Titusville, PATitusville, PA
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What are the top oil
producing states in the
U.S.?
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Oil RefiningOil Refining
http://www.howstuffworks.com/oil-refhttp://www.howstuffworks.com/oil-refining2.htmining2.htm
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What products can be What products can be made from petroleum?made from petroleum?
Petroleum Petroleum ProductsProducts
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Issues Related to the Use of OilIssues Related to the Use of Oil
Present technology only removes 1/3 Present technology only removes 1/3 of an oil deposit.of an oil deposit.
Secondary recovery methods are Secondary recovery methods are used to recover more oil, such as used to recover more oil, such as forcing water or gas into wells to forcing water or gas into wells to drive the oil out.drive the oil out.
As oil prices increase, more expensive As oil prices increase, more expensive and aggressive secondary recovery and aggressive secondary recovery methods will need to be used.methods will need to be used.
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Which countries are in Which countries are in OPEC?OPEC?
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Benefits of Using OilBenefits of Using Oil
Oil is more concentrated than coal, Oil is more concentrated than coal, burns cleaner, and is easily burns cleaner, and is easily transported through pipelines.transported through pipelines.
Can be used to make Can be used to make manymany products products It causes less environmental damage It causes less environmental damage
than coal mining.than coal mining.
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Drawbacks of Using OilDrawbacks of Using Oil
Oil spillsOil spills Oil well blowoutsOil well blowouts Pipelines and transportation routesPipelines and transportation routes Air pollution when burnedAir pollution when burned
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Oil DrillingOil Drilling
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Oil Derrick - starts the wellOil Derrick - starts the well
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Pump - Pump - Removes oil Removes oil from groundfrom ground
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Oil PumpOil Pump
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Steam can be added to Steam can be added to recover more oil - secondary recover more oil - secondary
recoveryrecovery
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Exxon ValdezExxon Valdez
March 24March 24, 1989 – Exxon Valdez struck , 1989 – Exxon Valdez struck a reef and spilled 11 million gallons of a reef and spilled 11 million gallons of oil into Alaska’s Prince William Soundoil into Alaska’s Prince William Sound
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Trying to prevent oil from Trying to prevent oil from spreadingspreading
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Other oil spillsOther oil spills
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Number of Major Oil SpillsNumber of Major Oil Spills
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Arctic National Wildlife Refuge:
Should we drill?
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Arctic National Wildlife Arctic National Wildlife RefugeRefuge
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ANWRANWRFor
In 2006, the U.S. House of Representatives passed for the tenth time a motion that would allow oil drilling in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR)
Growing foreign dependence on oil threatens American security and that drilling in ANWR would help reduce that dependence
Drilling and extraction of oil would not meaningfully harm the environment
Drilling would promote the economy and create new jobs
Against
U.S. dependence on foreign oil is inevitable and that drilling in ANWR would not significantly reduce dependence
It would damage a sensitive ecology and undermining the principle of national environmental protection
Drilling is supported by many politicians, and critics charge that they are doing favors for their friends in “Big Oil”
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Energy Production Impact - OilEnergy Production Impact - Oil
✤ CO2 - “greenhouse gas” - Climate Change
✤ SO2 - “greenhouse gas” - Climate Change
✤ N2O - “greenhouse gas” & Acid rain
✤ Thermal pollution of rivers - water used to cool power plants
✤ unburned hydrocarbons
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Pollution Control & Pollution Control & PreventionPrevention
Catalytic converters, wet Catalytic converters, wet and dry scrubbers reduce and dry scrubbers reduce pollutionpollution
Reduce use of oil = Reduce use of oil = reduce pollutionreduce pollution
Major transportation Major transportation accidents (ships)accidents (ships)
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Do You Agree?Do You Agree?
““It wasn't the It wasn't the Exxon ValdezExxon Valdez captain's captain's driving that caused the Alaskan oil driving that caused the Alaskan oil spill. It was yours.”spill. It was yours.”– Greenpeace advertisement, Greenpeace advertisement, New York New York
TimesTimes, 25 February 1990, 25 February 1990
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How should we reduce oil How should we reduce oil use?use?
Should we rely more on technological Should we rely more on technological improvements improvements OROR changing driving changing driving habits?habits?
Should the government reduce the Should the government reduce the amount of subsidies it gives oil amount of subsidies it gives oil companies?companies?
Should we increase the sales tax on Should we increase the sales tax on gasoline?gasoline?
Should there be a “per mile” tax?Should there be a “per mile” tax?
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Natural GasNatural Gas
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Natural GasNatural Gas
Mostly methane (CHMostly methane (CH44)) Also found in natural Also found in natural
gas:gas:– Ethane (CEthane (C22HH66))
– Propane (CPropane (C33HH88))
– Butane (CButane (C44HH1010))
Formed the same way Formed the same way as oilas oil
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Where in the world is Natural Where in the world is Natural Gas?Gas?
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Benefits of using Natural Benefits of using Natural GasGas
Cleaner to burn than Cleaner to burn than coal and oilcoal and oil
High energy yieldHigh energy yield Relatively cheapRelatively cheap Enough to last about Enough to last about
125 years125 years
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Drawbacks of using Natural Drawbacks of using Natural GasGas
NonrenewableNonrenewable Still creates COStill creates CO22
Difficult and Difficult and somewhat unsafe somewhat unsafe to ship around the to ship around the worldworld
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Civic GX - NGVCivic GX - NGV