Download - Ohm’s Law, Power and Energy EE 2010: Fundamentals of Electric Circuits Mujahed AlDhaifallah
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Ohm’s Law, Power and Energy
EE 2010: Fundamentals of Electric CircuitsMujahed AlDhaifallah
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Ohm’s Law!
Current flows because Electrons flow from one point to another.
What causes the flow of electrons?
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Ohm’s Law!
Current flows because Electrons flow from one point to another.
What causes the flow of electrons?Voltage (potential difference)
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Ohm’s Law!
Current flows because Electrons flow from one point to another.
What causes the flow of electrons?Voltage (potential difference)
More voltage results in more or less electrons?
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Ohm’s Law!
Current flows because Electrons flow from one point to another.
What causes the flow of electrons?Voltage (potential difference)
More voltage results in more or less electrons?More electrons
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Ohm’s Law!
So does that mean that Current is proportional to Voltage?
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Ohm’s Law!
So does that mean that Current is proportional to Voltage?Yes
The more the voltage the more is the current
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Ohm’s Law
What is the effect of resistance?
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Ohm’s Law
What is the effect of resistance? Do more electrons flow when there is a
high resistance?
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Ohm’s Law
What is the effect of resistance? Do more electrons flow when there is a
high resistance?No
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Ohm’s Law
What is the effect of resistance? Do more electrons flow when there is a
high resistance?No
The higher the resistance, the less is the current.
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Ohm’s Law
What is the effect of resistance? Do more electrons flow when there is a high
resistance? No
The higher the resistance, the less is the current.
Current is inversely proportional to the resistance.
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Ohm’s Law
I = V/R V=IR R=V/I
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Ohm’s Law
An element with R = 0 is called a short circuit, as for a short circuit, v = iR = 0, current could be any value.
an element with R =∞ is known as an open circuit for an open circuit, i =v/R =0, voltage could be any value
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Question
In the circuit shown, calculate the current i.
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Power
Power dissipated by charge flowing through a resistor P = VIP = V2/RP = I2R
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Question
In the circuit shown, calculate the power p.
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Energy
Energy = Power x Time
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Question
How much energy (in kilowatthours) is required to light a 60-W bulb continuously for 1 year (365 days)?
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Devices
EE 2010: Fundamentals of Electric CircuitsMujahed AlDhaifallah
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Battery
Chemical Reactions to produce potential differenceAlkaline and lithium-iodine primary cellsLead Acid secondary cellNickel-Cadmium Secondary cellNickel-Hydrogen and Nickel-Metal Hydride
Secondary cells Solar Cells
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Power Supply
Used very frequently in all devices. Transform the AC supply into a lower voltageRectify it (?)
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Independent voltage source
provides a specified voltage (independent of the current through the
element)
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Independent Current Sources
Supplies a fixed amount of current It is the dual of the battery
In a battery voltage is constant, but current drains out
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Dependent source
is a voltage or current generator whose source quantity depends on another circuit variable (current or voltage)
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Dependent source
There are four types of dependent sources:
VCVS, VCCS, CCVS, CCCS
Vx: controlling voltage
Ix: controlling current
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Example
Compute the power that is absorbed or supplied by the elements in the following network.
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Ammeters
Device to measure current The wire in which current is to be
measured is broken up, and are joined via an ammeter.
What should be the resistance of the ammeter?
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Voltmeters
Devices to measure voltage Connected in a parallel fashion across the
device where there is a need to measure potential difference.
What should be the resistance of a voltmeter?
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Ohmmeters
Used to measure the resistance of a device.
Connected across the two pins of a resistor
Also used to check the continuity of networks.
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Wattmeters
Used to measure the dissipation of power in a circuit element.
Includes both an ammeter and a voltmeter.
Displays the multiplication of both measurements.
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Fuses and Circuit Breakers
The power supply to the homes is not ideal. If it goes above a specified level, it can burn the
devices. May result in Fire or Smoke. Fuse wires melt if they experience a large
current. In a breaker, a large current results in a large
enough strength in an inbuilt electromagnet to draw the switch open