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Ohm’s Law and Electronic Circuits
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All you need to be an inventor is a good imagination and a pile of junk.
-Thomas Edison
ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS
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Ohm’s Law
I = V / R
Georg Simon Ohm (1787-1854)
I = Current (Amperes) (amps)
V = Voltage (Volts)
R = Resistance (ohms)
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• Ohm’s Law explains the relationship between voltage (V or E), current (I) and resistance (R)
• The amount of current in a circuit is dependent on its resistance and the applied voltage. Specifically I = V/R
• If you know any two of the factors V, I, and R you can calculate the third.
• Current I = V/R
• Voltage V = IR
• Resistance R = V/I
Ohm’s Law
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1 ampere = 1 coulomb per second
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Chart
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VOLTAGE (V)
• It is the push or pressure behind current flow through a circuit, and is measured in (V) volts.
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•Current refers to the quantity/volume of electrical flow. Measured in Amps (A)
•The symbol for current is I (for intensity) and is measured in amperes
CURRENT
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RESISTANCE
• Resistance to the flow of the current. Measured in Ohms• Opposition to the flow of
current is termed resistance.• The fact that a wire can
become hot from the flow of current is evidence of resistance.• Conductors have very little
resistance.• Insulators have large amounts
of resistance.
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Ohm’s Law
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E
I R
Trick to Remember Ohm’s Law
V
I R
V = Voltage = VoltsI = Amperes = AmpsR = Resistance = Ohms
Ω
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Trick to Remember Ohm’s Law
V
I R IVR
=
V=I*RR
VI
=V
I R
V
I R
V
I R
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How do calculate Current?
•Voltage is 5V
•Resistance is 220 Ω
•Current = Amp ?
IVR=
V
I RI
5220=
I .0227 Amp=I 22.7 mA=
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How do calculate Resistance?
•Voltage is 5V
•Current is 10mA
•Resistance = Ohm?
RVI=
V
I RR
5.010amp
= R 500 Ω=
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How do calculate Voltage?
•Resistance is 1000 Ω
•Current is 200 mA
•Voltage = V?
V
I R
V 200v=V= .2*1KΩV=I*R
1KΩ
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Would This Work?
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Would This Work?
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Would This Work?
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The Central Concept: Closed Circuit
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cell switchlamp wires
Scientists usually draw electric circuits using symbols;
circuit diagram
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Current is Directly Proportional to Voltage for a Constant Resistance
OHM’s LAW
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Current is Inversely Proportional to Resistance for a Constant Voltage
OHM’s LAW
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This is how we measure volts in a circuit
SERIES CIRCUIT
measuring voltage
• Set the DMM to Ω (to measure Resistance)
• Set it to the closest value above the target resistor you are measuring
Black lead
Red lead
+ -
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This is how we measure Amps in a circuit
SERIES CIRCUIT
measuring Current
• Set the DMM to Amps (to measure Current)
• Set it to the closest value above the target current you expect to measure
Black lead
Red lead
+ -
Break the circuit, so the current flows into and out of the DMM
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1. Assuming the resistance does not change:
• As voltage increases, current increases.
• as voltage decreases, current decreases.
2. Assuming the voltage does not change:
• As resistance increases, current decreases.
• As resistance decreases, current increases.
General Rule.
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RECAP!!
•What is Voltage?
•What is Current?
•What is Resistance?
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Simple Circuits
• Series circuitoAll in a rowo1 path for electricityo1 light goes out and the circuit
is broken
•Parallel circuitoMany paths for electricityo1 light goes out and the others
stay on
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Resistor color chart
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LAB Time
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Testing diffrent Resistor Circuit
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• Open your log books
• On the next available spaceoNote the Date
oDraw a table (add table label that says “for a fixed 5 volt power supply”
Log some data
Resistor Marked Value Resistor Measured Value
Measured Voltage Expected Current Measured Current
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• On your lab book table, note the marked value of each Resistor
• The measure each Resistor and record the measured valueoHow do we do that?
Make so measurements
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• On your lab book table, note the marked value of each Resistor
• The measure each Resistor and record the measured valueoHow do we do that?
Make so measurements
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• On your lab book table, note the marked value of each Resistor
• The measure each Resistor and record the measured valueoHow do we do that?
• You have a 5 Volt supply, but it is not exact, so measure it toooHow do we do that?
Make so measurements
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• On your lab book table, note the marked value of each Resistor
• The measure each Resistor and record the measured valueoHow do we do that?
• You have a 5 Volt supply, but it is not exact, so measure it toooHow do we do that?
Make some measurements
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• The measure each Resistor and record the measured valueoHow do we do that?
• You have a 5 Volt supply, but it is not exact, so measure it toooHow do we do that?
• Now Measure the current for each ResistoroHow do we do that?
Make some measurements
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• The measure each Resistor and record the measured valueoHow do we do that?
• You have a 5 Volt supply, but it is not exact, so measure it toooHow do we do that?
• Now Measure the current for each ResistoroHow do we do that?
Make some measurements
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Reference Slides
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•Opposition to the flow of current is resistance
•The fact that a wire can become hot from the flow of current is evidence of resistance.
•Conductors have very little resistance.
•Insulators have large amounts of resistance.
Resistance
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• Have 1 valence electron
• Materials in which electrons can move freely from atom to atom are called conductors.
• In general all metals are good conductors.
• The purpose of conductors is to allow electrical current to flow with minimum resistance.
Conductors
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• Have 8 valence electrons
• Materials in which electrons tend to stay put and do not flow easily from atom to atom are termed insulators.
• Insulators are used to prevent the flow of electricity.
• Insulating materials such as glass, rubber, or plastic are also called dielectrics, meaning they can store charges.
• Dielectric materials are used in components like capacitors which must store electric charges.
Insulators
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• Have 4 valence electrons
• Materials which are neither conductors nor insulators
• Common semi conductor materials are carbon, germanium and silicone.
• Used in components like transistors
Semi-Conductors
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This is how we measure volts in a circuit
PARALLEL CIRCUIT
measuring voltage
Black lead
Red lead
+ -
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Electric current is measured in amps (A) using
an ammeter connected in series in the circuit.
A
measuring current
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1
2
3
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measuring voltage
V
This is how we draw a voltmeter in a circuit.
SERIES CIRCUIT PARALLEL CIRCUIT
V
![Page 47: Ohm’s Law and Electronic Circuits - STEAM Clown](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012714/61ac7d94d3bd12666578913d/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
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The ‘electrical push’ which the cell gives to the current
is called the voltage. It is measured in volts (V) on a
voltmeter
V
measuring voltage
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Electric current is measured in amps (A) using
an ammeter connected in series in the circuit.
A
measuring current
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measuring current
AA
This is how we draw an ammeter in a circuit.
SERIES CIRCUIT PARALLEL CIRCUIT