![Page 1: “Of the people, by the people” The underpinnings of the U.S. Constitution](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022102719/56649d845503460f94a6b4c5/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
“Of the people, by the people”
The underpinnings of the U.S. Constitution
![Page 2: “Of the people, by the people” The underpinnings of the U.S. Constitution](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022102719/56649d845503460f94a6b4c5/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Part One
The Articles of Confederation
TTYN – Talk To Your Neighbor
![Page 3: “Of the people, by the people” The underpinnings of the U.S. Constitution](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022102719/56649d845503460f94a6b4c5/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Small Group Activity
Articles of Confederation CSI
![Page 4: “Of the people, by the people” The underpinnings of the U.S. Constitution](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022102719/56649d845503460f94a6b4c5/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
C.S.I.The Articles of Confederation
![Page 5: “Of the people, by the people” The underpinnings of the U.S. Constitution](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022102719/56649d845503460f94a6b4c5/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
CLASSIF IED
C A S E F I L E
Articles of Confederation
The Articles of Confederation was the first constitution of the United States and from the moment it was adopted it was destined to fail.
![Page 6: “Of the people, by the people” The underpinnings of the U.S. Constitution](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022102719/56649d845503460f94a6b4c5/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Activity Directions Work Cooperatively
Read each document thoroughly
Use your Think Marks
Complete handout - “Detective Log”
Complete handout - “Questions to Consider”
Individually, complete a one-page summary
Have Fun!!!
![Page 7: “Of the people, by the people” The underpinnings of the U.S. Constitution](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022102719/56649d845503460f94a6b4c5/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Who authored the document?
When was the document
authored?
What type of document?
Who was the audience for the
document? Why was it created?
Who was the aggressor in the incident according to
the document?
Document A
Document B
See Handout
Detective Log
![Page 8: “Of the people, by the people” The underpinnings of the U.S. Constitution](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022102719/56649d845503460f94a6b4c5/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Document 1
The Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union — 1777Article II
![Page 9: “Of the people, by the people” The underpinnings of the U.S. Constitution](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022102719/56649d845503460f94a6b4c5/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Document 2
Hampshire Gazette, Jan 31, 1787, Northampton, Massachusetts
![Page 10: “Of the people, by the people” The underpinnings of the U.S. Constitution](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022102719/56649d845503460f94a6b4c5/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Document 3
Alexander Hamilton, The Federalist Papers; 1787
![Page 11: “Of the people, by the people” The underpinnings of the U.S. Constitution](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022102719/56649d845503460f94a6b4c5/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Document 4
John Jay, The Federalist Papers; 1787
![Page 12: “Of the people, by the people” The underpinnings of the U.S. Constitution](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022102719/56649d845503460f94a6b4c5/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Document 5
A letter by George Washington to a friend
![Page 13: “Of the people, by the people” The underpinnings of the U.S. Constitution](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022102719/56649d845503460f94a6b4c5/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Document 6
Articles of Confederation Organizer
![Page 14: “Of the people, by the people” The underpinnings of the U.S. Constitution](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022102719/56649d845503460f94a6b4c5/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Document 7
Letter from Delegate Joseph Jones of VA to George Washington; Feb. 27, 1783
![Page 15: “Of the people, by the people” The underpinnings of the U.S. Constitution](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022102719/56649d845503460f94a6b4c5/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Document 8
John Jay’s instructions to the United States Minister to Great Britain; March 7, 1785
![Page 16: “Of the people, by the people” The underpinnings of the U.S. Constitution](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022102719/56649d845503460f94a6b4c5/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Questions to Consider
What questions did you ask while evaluating these sources?
On what points do the accounts agree?
On what points do the accounts differ?
Which of these sources aligns most closely with what you already knew about the Articles of Confederation? Please explain?
Which of these sources is most reliable in determining the troubles and shortcomings of the Articles of Confederation? Why do you think so?
Describe the overarching theme realized through most of the documents?
If you were asked to write your own historical account of the evolution of the Articles of Confederation during the lead-up to the adoption of the Constitution, how would you go about doing so?
![Page 17: “Of the people, by the people” The underpinnings of the U.S. Constitution](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022102719/56649d845503460f94a6b4c5/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Cracking the Case
Based on your analysis of the documents and citing
evidence to support your answer, please write a one-page
summary, which answers the following questions: What
were some of weaknesses of Articles of Confederation?
Why do you suppose the Continental Congress agreed to
the Articles of Confederation in the first place? Identify
and explain in detail at least one shortcoming of the
Articles of Confederation that will need to addressed
during the writing of the Constitution.
![Page 18: “Of the people, by the people” The underpinnings of the U.S. Constitution](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022102719/56649d845503460f94a6b4c5/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
The Articles of Confederation
March 1, 1781, to March 4, 1789
![Page 19: “Of the people, by the people” The underpinnings of the U.S. Constitution](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022102719/56649d845503460f94a6b4c5/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Historiography of AoC
Taxation without Representation – one of the principal reasons for the
Revolutionary War?
TTYN: Think about our examination of the Iroquois. Describe the
organizational structure of their confederacy?
1781, Articles of Confederation ratified
Sovereignty, or ultimate authority, rested with the individual states
Nothing in the Articles prevented a state from leaving this loosely organized government and going its own way.
The states were linked together as independent countries under a treaty organization
“A firm league of friendship.”
![Page 20: “Of the people, by the people” The underpinnings of the U.S. Constitution](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022102719/56649d845503460f94a6b4c5/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Historiography of AoC
Construction of the AoC began shortly after the signing of the
Declaration of Independence
Written by a committee from the Continental Congress
Fear of strong central government. Why???
Carefully limiting and specifying the power of the Federal
government
Took several years to gain ratification. Why???
Preoccupation with revolution
Boundary lines
Conflicting decisions by state courts
Differing tariff laws and trade restrictions between states
![Page 21: “Of the people, by the people” The underpinnings of the U.S. Constitution](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022102719/56649d845503460f94a6b4c5/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Historiography of AoC
Why the delay in ratification???
Small vs. Large – Small states wanted equal representation
Large states feared they would have to pay more in taxes
Western Territories. Who gets what? How to distribute the
funds from the sale of territory?
Gave control of the western frontier to the Federal Gov’t and
sent the articles through for ratification
![Page 22: “Of the people, by the people” The underpinnings of the U.S. Constitution](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022102719/56649d845503460f94a6b4c5/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Historiography of AoC
In theory only
On paper, the Congress had power to:
regulate foreign affairs
Declare War
Regulate the Postal Service
Appoint military officers
Control Indian affairs
Borrow money
Determine the value of coin
Issue bills of credit
![Page 23: “Of the people, by the people” The underpinnings of the U.S. Constitution](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022102719/56649d845503460f94a6b4c5/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Historiography of AoC
Accomplishments:
Most claims to western lands were settled fairly
Successfully waged war
Negotiated the end of the war
Adoption of the Northwest Ordinance of 1787
Put the world on notice that expansion into the frontier would
happen
Laid out the future for five new states
Expanded voting rights – 50 acres = vote
![Page 24: “Of the people, by the people” The underpinnings of the U.S. Constitution](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022102719/56649d845503460f94a6b4c5/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Historiography of AoC
Accomplishments:
Adoption of the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 continued…
Thanks to T. Jefferson, slavery prohibited in the NW Ordin. States(stay tuned…this is going to become problematic)
Inspired many of the Bill of Rights
Freedom of Religion
Writ of Habeas Corpus
Trial by jury
Public Education in the NW territory
Writ of Habeas Corpus - directs a person, usually a prison warden, to produce the prisoner and justify the prisoner's detention
![Page 25: “Of the people, by the people” The underpinnings of the U.S. Constitution](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022102719/56649d845503460f94a6b4c5/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: “Of the people, by the people” The underpinnings of the U.S. Constitution](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022102719/56649d845503460f94a6b4c5/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
What went wrong???
Shay’s Rebellion
Raised serious questions regarding the relationship between
citizen and its government
Federal government lacked the authority to regulate trade or
collect taxes
Each state was state was responsible for paying their share of the
war debt
MA. raised taxes
Farmers who were used to paying through a barter system, lacked
the funds to pay = foreclosure of their farms
![Page 27: “Of the people, by the people” The underpinnings of the U.S. Constitution](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022102719/56649d845503460f94a6b4c5/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
What went wrong???
Shay’s Rebellion
August 1786, 1500 farmers march on Northamptom, MA to
prevent foreclosure hearings
Sept. 1786, Daniel Shays led an armed group and closed the court
Jan 1787, Shays led a group of farmers and confiscated arms
Fired upon by a Ma. Militia – many wounded and four dead
Eventually the rebellion was put down
TTYN – what does Shays Rebellion teach us?
![Page 28: “Of the people, by the people” The underpinnings of the U.S. Constitution](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022102719/56649d845503460f94a6b4c5/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
What went wrong???
Congress had no power to coin money
Each state developed its own currency.
Congress was unable to regulate interstate and foreign commerce
Some states refused to pay for goods they purchased from
abroad.
Congress was unable to impose taxes; it could only borrow money
on credit.
Britain refused to abandon their forts in NW territory
Spain refused access to the port of New Orleans
![Page 29: “Of the people, by the people” The underpinnings of the U.S. Constitution](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022102719/56649d845503460f94a6b4c5/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
What went wrong???
No national court system was established to protect the rights of
U.S. citizens.
No executive branch was established to enforce laws.
Amendments could be added only with the approval of all 13 states.
Approval of 9 of 13 states was required to pass a law in Congress.
One vote was allotted for each state, despite the size of its
population.
So long as any individual state has power to defeat the measures of the other twelve, our pretended union is but a name, and our confederation a cobweb.
Noah Webster, ca. 1780
![Page 30: “Of the people, by the people” The underpinnings of the U.S. Constitution](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022102719/56649d845503460f94a6b4c5/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Strengths and Weaknesses of the AoC
Strengths
Weaknesses
![Page 31: “Of the people, by the people” The underpinnings of the U.S. Constitution](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022102719/56649d845503460f94a6b4c5/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Part Two
The Constitution
![Page 32: “Of the people, by the people” The underpinnings of the U.S. Constitution](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022102719/56649d845503460f94a6b4c5/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
![Page 33: “Of the people, by the people” The underpinnings of the U.S. Constitution](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022102719/56649d845503460f94a6b4c5/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
What I KnowAbout the Constitution
What I Learned About the Constitution
What I Want to Learn About the Constitution
K-W-L The Constitution - TTYN
![Page 34: “Of the people, by the people” The underpinnings of the U.S. Constitution](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022102719/56649d845503460f94a6b4c5/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Historiography of the U.S. Constitution
Plan AoC N.J. Plan Virg. Plan Alex. HamiltonPlan
Executive no executive, committees
none president, 4yr w/limited
power
President for life; complete veto
power
Legislative unicameral congress
unicameral congress
bicameral house/senate
Bicameral; Senator for life; house for 3
years
Sovereignty states states people National
Federal Power limited power weak, but tax and trade
Veto power over states
Veto power over States
![Page 35: “Of the people, by the people” The underpinnings of the U.S. Constitution](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022102719/56649d845503460f94a6b4c5/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Historiography of the U.S. Constitution
February 1787, Congress supported a resolution for revising the
Articles of Confederation
May 1787, representatives from twelve states convened in
Philadelphia
Rhode Island took no part in the process
May 14th through September 17th, they considered plans and
proposals for creating a stronger, more centralized system of
government.
![Page 36: “Of the people, by the people” The underpinnings of the U.S. Constitution](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022102719/56649d845503460f94a6b4c5/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Historiography of the U.S. Constitution
On September 17th, the Convention signed the Constitution and forwarded it to Congress
September 28th, Congress sent the document on to the states,
which were to organize ratification conventions.
Autumn of 1787 through the summer of 1788, sustained debates
were carried on in the press – through newspapers, and pamphlets–
and in person in such venues as town meetings, coffee houses and
taverns.
The birth of the Federalists and the Anti-Federalists
![Page 37: “Of the people, by the people” The underpinnings of the U.S. Constitution](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022102719/56649d845503460f94a6b4c5/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Federalist vs. Anti-Federalist
Issue Federalist Anti-Federalist
A Constitution establishing a strong central government Favored Opposed
Power of the 13 StatesFavored limiting state
powers. Advocated two senators only
Advocated State Powers
Bill of Rights Not necessary Strongly advocated the inclusion
AoC Opposed as ineffectual Needed only to be amended
Size of NationA large republic was seen as
the best protection of individual rights and
freedoms
A small republic could protect rights
Supporters Large farmers, merchants, and artisans
Small farmers, mostly from rural areas
![Page 38: “Of the people, by the people” The underpinnings of the U.S. Constitution](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022102719/56649d845503460f94a6b4c5/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
![Page 39: “Of the people, by the people” The underpinnings of the U.S. Constitution](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022102719/56649d845503460f94a6b4c5/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
![Page 40: “Of the people, by the people” The underpinnings of the U.S. Constitution](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022102719/56649d845503460f94a6b4c5/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists
The Federalist Papers
85 essays advocating the ratification
of the Constitution
James Madison, John Jay,
and Alexander Hamilton
![Page 41: “Of the people, by the people” The underpinnings of the U.S. Constitution](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022102719/56649d845503460f94a6b4c5/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Compare and Contrast
Federalist Anti-Federalist
![Page 42: “Of the people, by the people” The underpinnings of the U.S. Constitution](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022102719/56649d845503460f94a6b4c5/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Enlightened Thinkers
Hobbes Locke Montesquieu Rousseau
How the Constitution was influenced
To the teacher:
H/W or in-class activity: Reading - “Hobbes, Locke, Montesquieu, and
Rousseau on Government”
H/W – Indiv., students read and respond to reading
Classroom Activity (pref.) – Learning stations, re-group, discuss each
philosopher (indiv.).
![Page 43: “Of the people, by the people” The underpinnings of the U.S. Constitution](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022102719/56649d845503460f94a6b4c5/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Enlightened Thinkers
Hobbes Locke Montesquieu Rousseau
1588-1679 The Social
Contract King and
absolute power
1632-1704 Natural Rights
Contract between the
people and the king
Right to revolt
1689-1755 The role of
government – to maintain law and
order A separation and balance of power
in gov’t
1712-1778 Never give up natural rights to a
king Direct
Democracy Everyone voted
How the Constitution was influenced
![Page 44: “Of the people, by the people” The underpinnings of the U.S. Constitution](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022102719/56649d845503460f94a6b4c5/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Enlightened Thinkers
How the Constitution was influenced
“Man... hath by nature a power .... to preserve his property - that is, his life, liberty, and estate - against the injuries and attempts of other men.”
Two Treatises of Government (1689)
1. John Locke coined the phrase “natural rights.” Based on the quote above and prior knowledge what do you think are natural rights? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Using prior knowledge what are 3 other synonyms for natural rights? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
TTYN (refer to notes packet):
![Page 45: “Of the people, by the people” The underpinnings of the U.S. Constitution](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022102719/56649d845503460f94a6b4c5/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Enlightened ThinkersHow the Constitution was influenced
“Power should be a check to power” -Baron de Montesquieu: The Spirit of the Laws (1748)
1. Using prior knowledge, what principle of the constitution reflects the Enlightenment idea in the quote above? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
In order to lay a due foundation for that separate and distinct exercise of the different powers of government, which to a certain extent is admitted on all hands to be essential to the preservation of liberty, it is evident that each department should have a will of its own; and consequently should be so constituted that the members of each should have as little agency as possible in the appointment of the members of the others.
The Federalist No. 51 (February 6, 1788)
Using prior knowledge, what principle of the constitution reflects the Enlightenment idea in the above document? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
![Page 46: “Of the people, by the people” The underpinnings of the U.S. Constitution](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022102719/56649d845503460f94a6b4c5/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Small Group Activity
“Dressing up the Constitution”
Working cooperatively, each group will employ their creative and
hidden marketing skills and “dress up” the specific articles of the U.S.
Constitution.
Using ordinary and everyday clothing as a marketing medium, each
article will be clearly addressed and illustrated.
Each group will present their new line of clothing to the class
Individually, each student will write a one-page summary of what
was learned, including, identifying any possible deficiencies of the
Constitution.
![Page 47: “Of the people, by the people” The underpinnings of the U.S. Constitution](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022102719/56649d845503460f94a6b4c5/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Your slogan goes here
You are not limited to t-shirts. Use any appropriate article of clothing that will enlighten the public, help market your product, and promote the
general welfare of the country. Keep it clean!!!
![Page 48: “Of the people, by the people” The underpinnings of the U.S. Constitution](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022102719/56649d845503460f94a6b4c5/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Examples
![Page 49: “Of the people, by the people” The underpinnings of the U.S. Constitution](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022102719/56649d845503460f94a6b4c5/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Separation of Powers
Executive Legislative Judicial
TTYN – “List Six”
Identify six unique attributes of each of three
branches of gov’t
Refer to your notes packet
Refer to “Separation of Powers” Reading Packet
![Page 50: “Of the people, by the people” The underpinnings of the U.S. Constitution](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022102719/56649d845503460f94a6b4c5/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Executive Legislative Judicial
“List Six”
![Page 51: “Of the people, by the people” The underpinnings of the U.S. Constitution](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022102719/56649d845503460f94a6b4c5/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
![Page 52: “Of the people, by the people” The underpinnings of the U.S. Constitution](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022102719/56649d845503460f94a6b4c5/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Executive Legislative Judicial
4-year term Vice President Veto Power
Born in the U.S. Must be 35
Appoints Federal Judges Enforce laws Sign Laws Pardons
Makes Laws Approves Presidential
appointments Veto override
Two Senators from each state
Representatives determined by population
Congress comprised of two houses: The Senate and the House of Representatives
100 Senators 435 Representatives
Supreme Court Lifetime appointment
9 justices Interpret laws
Appointed by President Can overturn other court
decisions
![Page 53: “Of the people, by the people” The underpinnings of the U.S. Constitution](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022102719/56649d845503460f94a6b4c5/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Checks and Balances
![Page 54: “Of the people, by the people” The underpinnings of the U.S. Constitution](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022102719/56649d845503460f94a6b4c5/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Bill Introduced
Filibuster Pass
Floor Action
Debate
Committee& Markup
AssignedNumber
Senate HouseOf Representatives
Bill Introduced
AssignedNumber
Committee& Markup
Rules Committee
Floor Action
Pass Bill Killed
Signed into LawOr
Veto
![Page 55: “Of the people, by the people” The underpinnings of the U.S. Constitution](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022102719/56649d845503460f94a6b4c5/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
![Page 56: “Of the people, by the people” The underpinnings of the U.S. Constitution](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022102719/56649d845503460f94a6b4c5/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
What I KnowAbout the Constitution
What I Learned About the Constitution
What I Want to Learn About the Constitution
K-W-L The Constitution - TTYN
![Page 57: “Of the people, by the people” The underpinnings of the U.S. Constitution](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022102719/56649d845503460f94a6b4c5/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
![Page 58: “Of the people, by the people” The underpinnings of the U.S. Constitution](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022102719/56649d845503460f94a6b4c5/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
The Preamble
Small Group Activity
Breakdown the Preamble
Working cooperatively, each group will dissect each section of
the Preamble.
Now and Then:
Describe how each section of the Preamble related to
circumstances at the time it was written.
Describe how each section of the Preamble relates to
today’s society
![Page 59: “Of the people, by the people” The underpinnings of the U.S. Constitution](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022102719/56649d845503460f94a6b4c5/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Small Group Activity
Class will be separated into ten groups Randomly selected - each group will receive one of the first ten amendments to research and present to the class.
Research and Presentation: Historical background of the amendment
The who, what, and why Major contributors, if any
How is the amendment applicable today? Why is the amendment important Presentation
PowerPoint, Prezi, other Poster Board
“Your Bill of Rights”
![Page 60: “Of the people, by the people” The underpinnings of the U.S. Constitution](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022102719/56649d845503460f94a6b4c5/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
![Page 61: “Of the people, by the people” The underpinnings of the U.S. Constitution](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022102719/56649d845503460f94a6b4c5/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
“Sweet 17”
TTYN: Define Amend
Small Group Activity
Working cooperatively, each group will select ANY two
amendments (11-27) + the 14th Amendment and summarize the
historical significance of each.
Summary: the W’s (who, what, why, where, etc…); emphasis on the
significance of the amendment.
![Page 62: “Of the people, by the people” The underpinnings of the U.S. Constitution](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022102719/56649d845503460f94a6b4c5/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Compare and Contrast
AoC Constitution
![Page 63: “Of the people, by the people” The underpinnings of the U.S. Constitution](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022102719/56649d845503460f94a6b4c5/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
What I KnowAbout the Constitution
What I Learned About the Constitution
What I Want to Learn About the Constitution
K-W-L The Constitution - TTYN
![Page 64: “Of the people, by the people” The underpinnings of the U.S. Constitution](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022102719/56649d845503460f94a6b4c5/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Unit Assessment
Short-answer identifications
Thematic Essay
Mini-DBQ
Note to the teacher: Short-answer id’s – students will be provided a list of 12-15 id’s to prepare for…day of assessment, students will be given 8 and must select 5 to write about…looking for historical significance.
Thematic essay – students will be given two possible essay prompts. NOT looking for an entire essay, just thesis, organizer, and outline…growth through practice.
Mini DBQ – 5 or 6 documents with 1-2 questions each.
![Page 65: “Of the people, by the people” The underpinnings of the U.S. Constitution](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022102719/56649d845503460f94a6b4c5/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Unit Assessment
Enlightened Thinkers
Federalist Papers Preamble Balance of
Power
Federalist Separation of Powers
Shay’s Rebellion Anti-Federalist
Articles of Confederation Bill of Rights Republic Constitution
ID’s
![Page 66: “Of the people, by the people” The underpinnings of the U.S. Constitution](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022102719/56649d845503460f94a6b4c5/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Unit Assessment
When the Founding Fathers wrote the United States Constitution, they included the amendment process. The amendments that have been passed brought political, social, and economic changes to American society.
Task: Select two constitutional amendments that have changed American society and for each
• Describe the historical circumstances that led to the adoption of the amendment• Discuss the political, social, and/or economic changes the amendment brought to American society
You may use any constitutional amendments that have changed American society. Some suggestions you might wish to consider include the 13th amendment (abolition of slavery, 1865), 17th amendment (direct election of senators, 1913), 18th amendment (Prohibition, 1919), 19th amendment (woman’s suffrage, 1920), 22nd amendment (presidential term limits, 1951), 24 th amendment (elimination of the poll tax, 1964), and 26th amendment (suffrage for 18-year-old citizens, 1971). In other words, you are not limited to the first ten amendments that we emphasized during this unit.
Using the essay prompt and directions below, each student will complete the following tasks:
1. Thesis Statement
2. Thesis Organizer
3. Outline for regents-styled essay
1. Topic sentence for each body paragraph
![Page 67: “Of the people, by the people” The underpinnings of the U.S. Constitution](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022102719/56649d845503460f94a6b4c5/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Unit Assessment
When the Founding Fathers wrote the United States Constitution, they included the amendment process. The amendments that have been passed brought political,
social, and economic changes to American society.
Task: Select two constitutional amendments that have changed American society and for each
• Describe the historical circumstances that led to the adoption of the amendment• Discuss the political, social, and/or economic changes the amendment brought to American society
You may use any constitutional amendments that have changed American society. Some suggestions you might wish to consider include the 13th amendment (abolition of slavery, 1865), 17th amendment (direct election of senators, 1913), 18th amendment (Prohibition, 1919), 19th amendment (woman’s suffrage, 1920), 22nd amendment (presidential term limits, 1951), 24th amendment (elimination of the poll tax, 1964), and 26th amendment (suffrage for 18-year-old citizens, 1971). In other words, you are not limited to the first ten amendments that we emphasized during this unit.
![Page 68: “Of the people, by the people” The underpinnings of the U.S. Constitution](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022102719/56649d845503460f94a6b4c5/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Resources
![Page 69: “Of the people, by the people” The underpinnings of the U.S. Constitution](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022102719/56649d845503460f94a6b4c5/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Preamble Worksheet
Activity: Preamble Breakdown
Directions: Interpret the meaning of each of the six sections of the Preamble.
Then - What was the meaning behind the words?
Now - Provide examples of how the Preamble is still applicable in today’s
society
Comment – Do you believe that our government today is constitutionally
following each of basic tenets of Preamble? Please defend your position.
We the people of the United States,(1) in order to form a more perfect union, (2) establish justice,(3) insure domestic tranquility,(4) provide for the common defense,(5) promote the general welfare,(6) and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.
![Page 70: “Of the people, by the people” The underpinnings of the U.S. Constitution](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022102719/56649d845503460f94a6b4c5/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Then Now
1
2
3
4
5
6