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1. Introduction 2. Materials and Methods 3. Results and Discussion 4. Conclusions
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• Determining the background radiation level due to natural radioactivity sources of terrestrial and cosmic origin.
• It provides a baseline for comparison with environmental data during the operational phase and after decommissioning the facility.
• In line with the internationally agreed principles of radioactive waste management, and the national Regulations on Radioactive Waste Management prepared by INRA-AEOI, the safety of this facility needs to be ensured during all stages of its lifetime. In this direction, the radiological environmental monitoring and Preliminary Post Closure Safety Assessment are done during preoperational period of the Anarak site.
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Anarak Near Surface Repository
Anarak This area is located in Isfahan province, at a
distance of 32km North-West of Anarak. Anarak is located at a distance of 70
km North-East of Naein and 210 km East of Isfahan.
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Objectives: • To assess the environmental radioactivity level of the
Anarak site and surrounding region prior to operation phase.
• Preliminary Post Closure Safety Assessment is done in various scenarios to estimate doses of radionuclides in comparison with dose constrain established by INRA.
• The results from this study are expected to serve as baseline data of natural radioactivity level and will be useful in assessing public doses.
• These studies are required for the licensing process for near surface disposal repository.
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• The Preliminary post closure safety assessment has been performed based on ISAM methodology recommended by IAEA and AMBER Code is used for simulation of each scenario.
• Three scenarios have been selected:
1. Water erosion,
2. Bath-tubbing and
3. Human intrusion
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Design scenario
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Preoperational radiomonitoring • using grid and judgmental sampling patterns • 200 samples: foodstuff, feeding material, surface and
ground water, soil and sediment, airborne particulate, radon and external radiation were collected and analysed.
• The nearest population centre to this facility is Anarak city with about 1500 population.
• The monitoring area spans an area of 5000 km2. • All samples were taken from various points, including:
Anarak site, Anarak city, Chah-Gorbe, Ashin, Esmailan and Piyouk villages and agricultural field-Dagh-e-Sorkh
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Radiation Sources
Cosmic Naturally-Occurring
Radioactive Material Global Fallout
Radionuclides 3H, 7B, 14C 238U, 232Th, 40K, 222Rn 137Cs, 90Sr, 3H, 14C
Key Radionuclides in Pre-disposal Radiomonitoring Program
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Sampling Media Sampling
Device
Sampling
Type
Analysis
Device
Sampling
Frequency
Air Particulates
High Volume
Sampler Judgmental
Low Level
Counter Quarterly
Radon RAD7 RAD7
Direct Radiation
TLDs Grid and
Judgment
TLD
Reader Quarterly
RS-230
GR-135
RS-230
GR-135 Annually
Soil - Grid and
Judgmental
HPGe
LSC Annually
Sediment - Judgmental HPGe
LSC Annually
Water
Resources
Groundwater - Judgmental HPGe
LSC
Low Level
Counter
RAD7
Semi-
annually
Surface Water - Judgmental Seasonally
Biota Samples
Foodstuff
Animal
- Judgmental HPGe
Low Level
Counter
Annually Vegetabl
e
Feeding Material - Judgmental Annually
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Preliminary Post Closure Safety Assessment: Results for Design Scenario
• Assuming the representative person who is living near the repository, 1100 years after closure and in case of water erosion scenario the maximum total dose is less than 0.2 mSv y-1.
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Preoperational Radiomonitoring: Results for Representative Environmental Samples
• Soil and sediment samples:
Mean activity concentrations of 238U, 226Ra, 232Th, 40K and 137Cs in the soil and sediment samples were about 34.12±1.39, 34.03±0.69, 35.14±3.46, 527.09±17.72 and 5.944±1.2 Bq Kg-1, respectively.
• External background dose rate:
By using TLDs in 25 points, the maximum average dose equivalent value measured was approximately 100 µSv month-1.
The measured gamma absorbed dose rate in the air at 1 m above the ground ranged from 0.043 to 0.075 nGy h-1 with an overall arithmetic mean of 0.068 nGy h-1.
• The ambient radon concentration in the air:
vary from 5.55 to 18.4±0.2 Bq m-3.
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• Preoperational Radiomonitoring: Results for Representative Environmental Samples
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Sample Milk Chicken Meat Feeding Material Grain Vegetable
Gross α Activity
(Bq/L or Bq/Kg) 7.5 <MDA 8.9 22.3 1.51 6.71
Gross β Activity
(Bq/L or Bq/Kg) 255.3 146.9 92 570.7 229.7 264.4
Activity level in common food commodities
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• Preoperational Radiomonitoring: Results for Representative Environmental Samples
Drinking water, surface and groundwater samples:
• Tritium activity in all samples was below the MDA,
• The geometric mean for alpha and beta radioactivity was 0.37 and 0.42 Bq/L, respectively.
• Activity level of 238U, 226Ra, 232Th, 40K and 137Cs was below the MDA.
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• The results of design scenario demonstrate that the effect of surface water erosion scenario is acceptable. The results suggest that doses would still be well below the typical acceptance criteria, even with cautious assumptions likely to result in over-estimates of dose in surface water erosion scenario.
• (Assuming the representative person who is living near the repository, 1100 years after closure and in case of water erosion scenario the maximum total dose is less than 0.2 mSv y-1. Furthermore, the maximum dose is caused by 241Am that is equal to 0.15 mSv y-1).
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The activity concentration levels of the natural and artificial radionuclides were determined in the all samples collected from Anarak site and surrounding area using active and passive device. All results showed the background level of the natural and artificial radionuclides before any operation in Anarak Near Surface Disposal Facility.
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Saeed Momenzadeh Amirmasood Taherian
Mehdi Boroumandi Asghar Mohammadi
Saber Hassanlou Hamidreza Pakouyan
Nasrin Gourani Fariba Hadian
and Amir Bagheri
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Water source name
coordination Usage
latitude longitude
Ghorban abad spring
730799 3691316 Waterhole
Ashin Qanat 730751 3708923 Cultivation, Farming, Drinking water
Chah-Gorbeh Qanat
752887 3702907 Cultivation, Farming, Drinking water
Poiyk farm Spring 755492 3692154 Cultivation, Farming, Drinking water
Anarak dam (Spring)
747753 3691328 Drinking water
Anarak Well (Brine Water)
749512 3685161 Enter the municipal tap water (hygienic and irrigation)
Ismaeilian Qanat 751153 3681448 Cultivation, Farming
Well No.10 698167 3690650 Cultivation, Farming
Anarak Well 749463 3687742 Drinking Water
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Detection limit:
0.37 Bq/L
(MCL): 11.1 Bq/L
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Position Samples for Inside and Outside the Site
Direct Radiation Dosimetry
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GR-135 Device
- D.R(5 & 100 cm)
- Total count (5 & 100cm)
RS-230 Device
- Absorb D.R(5 cm)
- Investigate of uranium, thorium and
potassium concentration (ppm)
Direct Radiation Dosimetry
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Dose rate at 5 cm from ground surface (nSv/h)
Direct Radiation Dosimetry
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The total count rate at 5 cm above ground surface (cps)
Direct Radiation Dosimetry
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Dose rate at 100 cm from ground surface (nSv/h)
Direct Radiation Dosimetry
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The total count rate at 100 cm above ground surface(cps)
Direct Radiation Dosimetry
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Dose rate at 100 cm from ground surface (nGy/h)
Direct Radiation Dosimetry
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Uranium concentration with RS-230 (ppm)
Direct Radiation Dosimetry
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Thorium concentration with RS-230 (ppm)
Direct Radiation Dosimetry
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Potassium concentration with RS-230 (percent)
Direct Radiation Dosimetry
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The proposed location for the installation TLD inside and outside
site of Talmesi
Direct Radiation Dosimetry
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The Average Dose Rate in Passive Method
Direct Radiation Dosimetry
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TLD Dosimetry results of the second quarter
Direct Radiation Dosimetry
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Sampling points
Milk Feeding Material
Milk Grain Meat
Vegetable
Vegetable
Meat & Chicken
Nothing!
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How “Zygophyllum atriplicoides” drying plant (a plant native to the region)
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Sampling of wheat
How drying vegetables
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