Download - Ocean Science Class 23
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SMS-100
Class 23
Thursday November 20, 2014
The Intertidal Zone: Between High and Low Tides
The Intertidal Zone: Between High and Low Tides
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The Intertidal Zone
Sine Wave
The Intertidal Zone
The Intertidal Zone: e.g., Motile species seeking shelter at low tide
X
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The Intertidal Zone: e.g., flip over a rock: Sessile & Motile species:
The Rocky Intertidal Zone
The Rocky Intertidal Zone Exposure to:• Air• Waves
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Tide Pools
Tide Pools
Tide Pools
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Tide Pools
Tide Pools
Tide Pools
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Tide Pools
Rocky Intertidal Zonation:
Rocky intertidal zonation:
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Rocky intertidal zonation:
Supratidal: Salt‐tolerant Lichens
Supratidal Zone
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Supratidal Zone
Supratidal Zone
“Black Tar” Lichens
Attached “blue greens”
“Middle” Intertidal
Barnacles
Brown and red macroalgae
Blue Mussels
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Rocky Intertidal Zone: Competition for Space (mid summer)
Mussels and Barnacles overlap…
Rocky Intertidal Zone: Competition for Space (mid summer)
Mussels and Barnacles overlap… and compete with one another for space on the rocks…
Rocky Intertidal Zone: Competition for Space (late summer)
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Rocky Intertidal Zone: Mussels win the competition with barnaclesfor this “wet spot” ?
Blue Mussels
Rocky Intertidal Zone: Competition for Space (early summer)
Barnacles competing with each other…
Rocky Intertidal Zone: Competition for Space (early summer)
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Rocky Intertidal Zone: Competition for Space (early summer)
Motile periwinkle snails avoiding desiccation at low tide…
but not welks…
Soft‐Bottom Environments: Intertidal (mud flats) and Subtidal
Mud bottom continuing sub-tidally
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Intertidal Mud Flat:
Mud Flats:
Soft shell clam: an infaunalSuspension (filter) Feeder
Polychaete worm tubes…Mud Flats:
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Thin layer of brown, oxygenated surface
sediment
Polychaete tube
Mud Flats:
Black, anoxic subsurface sediment
Sandy Beaches: (High energy)
Supratidal sand dunes: American beachgrass (Ammophila breviligulata)
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Supratidal sand dunes: Beach grasses… Stabilizes beach sediment (sand)
against wind and waves
American beachgrass (Ammophila breviligulata).
Root and Rhyzome System…
Supratidal sand dunes: Beach peas
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Salt Marshes
Salt Marshes
Spartinapatens
Spartinaalterniflora
Marsh grasses
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Salt Marshes: Growth
Spartina alterniflora
Roots and Rhizomes
Peat
Mangroves
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Mangroves
Estuaries
Estuaries:
Salt WedgeWell-Mixed
Classification based on Mixing
Partially-Mixed
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Estuaries:
Estuarine Circulation
Halocline
Estuaries: Amplified flows
Coral Reefs
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Coral Reefs
Coral Reef Distributions: require >20°C water temps
Coral Reefs: Internal structure
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Coral Reefs
Coral Reefs: Anatomy & Zooxanthellae
Coral Bleaching
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Coral Bleaching on Australia’s Great Barrier Reef
Coral Bleaching on Australia’s Great Barrier Reef
Temperature Anomaly, 1998 El Nino