Download - Observational Method of Behavior Analysis
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OBSERVATIONAL METHOD
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“Observation method is a technique in which the behaviour of research subjects is watched and recorded without any direct contact.”
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It is the main method of Psychology and serves as the basis of any scientific enquiry.
Primary material of any study can be collected by this method.
Observational method of research concerns the planned watching, recording and analysis of observed method.
This method requires careful preparation and proper training for the observer.
Characteristics
Nishigandha Berde
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Naturalistic Observation
Structured Observation
Unstructured Observation
Participant Observation
Non-Participant Observation
Types
Pranali Gawand
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• Attention
• Retention • Production • Motivation
Stages
Delzeen Sethna
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Observational learning leads to a change in an individual's
behaviour along three dimensions:
An individuals thinks about a situation in a different way and may have incentive to react on it.
The change is a result of a person's direct experiences as opposed to being in-born.
For the most part, the change an individual has made is permanent.
Delzeen Sethna
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How to record your observations: Notes Video recorder or tape recorder
THINGS TO LOOK FOR WHEN OBSERVING Physical location Language and behaviour The order and the setting Exterior physical signs Expressive body movements
Techniques
Prachi Paranjpe
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Rosarch’s Ink Blot Test
Prachi Paranjpe
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Advantages • Particularly good for observing specific subjects.
• Provides ecologically valid recordings of natural behavior.
• Spontaneous behaviors are more likely to happen.
• Allows control of extraneous variables.
• Gives a broad view of situation .
• Gives an insider view.
• Reliability of results can be tested by repeating the study.
• Provides a safe environment.
Yudhan Cheulkar
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The inability to observe certain things.
Time consuming.
Questionnaires (surveys) are substitutes for the method.
Expensive.
The observer or the investigator can be bias to his subject, thus undermining the reliability and hence it also hampers the validity of the data gathered.
Inconvenient.
Disadvantages
Percy Karat
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Extraneous variables
Ecological validity
Observer bias
Observer effect
Important terms
Tanvi Diwan
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FailureWhen a student fails in an exam, his reaction can be observed as 1. Angry, depressed, bitter feelings towards
the professor, revengeful, jealous, inferior etc.
2. careless, happy go lucky etc.
Example
Gururaj Wadke
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• Teaching• Advertisement maker• Journalist• Subject analysis• Film maker• Writer/ Poet• Marketeer
Practical Uses Of Observation for a
professional
Bharathi Shankar