Download - Objectives
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ObjectivesBy the end of today, you will:
Understand the TIPS problem solving model
Be able to demonstrate several components of skills needed for effective and efficient TIPS problem solving
Understand how to generalize the TIPS model
Be able to access resources to refine your skills further
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Team-Initiated Problem Solving II(TIPS II)
Bob Algozzine, Kate Algozzine, and Dale CusumanoUNC at Charlotte
Rob Horner, Anne Todd, and Steve NewtonUniversity of Oregon
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TIPS II ModelTIPS Training
One full day team training
One full day coach training
Two coached meetings
Critical Elements
Use of electronic Meeting Minute system
Formal roles (Facilitator, Minute Taker, Data Analyst)
Specific expectations (before meeting, during meeting, after meeting)
Access and use of data
Projected meeting minutes and data
Skills for precise problem solving actions that are guided by prompts and cues embedded in the materials
Tool for monitoring fidelity of implementation of TIPS 9
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Implement Solution with High Integrity
Identify Goal for Change
Identify Problemwith
Precision
Monitor Impactof Solution and
Compare against Goal
Make SummativeEvaluationDecision
MeetingFoundations
Team-Initiated Problem Solving (TIPS II) Model
IdentifySolution and
CreateImplementation
Plan with Contextual Fit
Collect and Use
Data
What, Who, When, Where, and Why?
How do we want the problem to
change?
What are we going to do to bring about desired
change?Did we implement
with fidelity?
Has the problem been solved?
What next?
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Meeting MinutesA framework for organizing and documenting efficient meetings
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General Flow of MeetingCall meeting to order – Who is present?
Review agenda for today
Discuss previously defined problem(s) – Were solutions implemented? Discuss current data and relation to goal. Better? Worse? Was goal reached? What
next?
Discuss administrative tasks and any general issues
Discuss any new problems – Identify precise problems, develop solution plans (what, who, when), identify goals, determine fidelity and outcome data needed
Wrap up meeting – Review date/time for next meeting and evaluate present team meeting.
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Identify Problem with Precision
What, Who, When, Where, and Why
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Implement Solution with High Integrity
Identify Goal for Change
Identify Problemwith
Precision
Monitor Impactof Solution and
Compare against Goal
Make SummativeEvaluationDecision
MeetingFoundations
Team-Initiated Problem Solving (TIPS II) Model
IdentifySolution and
CreateImplementation
Plan with Contextual Fit
Collect and Use
Data
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103.
2
Defining a Problem with Precision
What?
When?
Who?Where?Why?
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Start with Primary Problem Statements
Look at the Big Picture. Then use data to refine the problem to a Precise Problem
Statement.
Move to Precise Problem Statements
Office discipline referrals for 3rd graders are above national median for schools our size.
Referrals for physical aggression among third grade students from 11:30-12:30 in the cafeteria are increasing
over time. It is believed that this is happening due to lack of consistent teaching of cafeteria procedures.
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What When
Who
Why
Where
Precision Elements
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Precise or Primary Statement?
Minor disrespect and disruption are increasing over time, and are most likely during the last 15 minutes of our block periods when students are engaged in independent seat work. This pattern is most common in 7th and 8th grades, involves many students, and appears to be maintained peer attention.
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Precise or Primary Statement?
A large group of kindergarten students are displaying inappropriate behaviors on the playground. This cohort of students also is known to reside in less than positive neighborhoods many of which also come from households with older siblings who have been in an out of jail across the past years. Drugs, alcohol, and violent behavior are the norm on the streets around their homes.
The boys in third grade are having behavior problems.
Six 5th grade students are loitering in the halls in the morning and have accumulated more than 10 referrals for loitering and being tardy during the past month. It is believed that they are doing this in order to avoid homework reviews that take place in the class during that time.
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Examples: Primary to PreciseGang-like behavior is
increasing.
The buses are awful! There were 45 referrals for 3rd, 4th, and 5th graders using inappropriate language on the afternoon buses because these students wanted attention from their from peers.
Bullying (verbal and physical aggression) on the playground is increasing during “first recess,” is being done mostly by four 4th grade boys, and seems to be maintained by social praise from the bystander peer group.
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Trend
Our average Major and Minor ODRs per school day per month are higher than national median for a school of our enrollment size for all months except June. We have peaks in frequency of problems in Nov, Dec, Jan, and March with an increasing trend from September to March.
Practice with Data
Let’s make this more precise
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What When
Who
Why
Where
Precision Elements
Practice Time!
Keep track of the possible precision elements on the next few slides.
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SWIS Big 4 for October 1, 2011 through December 31, 2011
Defiance
What?
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SWIS Big 4 for October 1, 2011 through December 31, 2011
ClassroomPlaygroun
d
Where?
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11:45-12:00
When?
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Who?
3rd and 4th Grade
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Avoid Work
Why?
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Possible Problem Precision StatementMany 3rd and 4th graders (who) are engaging in Defiance (what) between 11:45 and 12:00, near the end of their 30-minute recess period (when), with most of these instances occurring on the playground, in class, or in the hall (where), because the students want to avoid the upcoming classroom instructional period (why).Current levels: Nov. = .73 referrals per day, Dec. = 1.5 referrals per dayJan. = .42 referrals per day
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Add to TIPS Meeting Minutes
Many 3rd and 4th graders (who) are engaging in Defiance (what) between 11:45 and 12:00, near the end of their 30-minute recess period (when), with most of these instances occurring on the playground, in class, or in the hall (where), because the students want to avoid the upcoming classroom instructional period (why).Current levels: Nov. = .73/ day, Dec. = 1.5/dayJan. = .42 /day
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Quick Peek at TIPS with Academic Problems
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What When
Who
Why
Where
What When
Who
Why
Where
Precision Components for Behavior Problem
Statements
Precision Components for Academic Problem
Statements
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Examples: Primary to Precise
Carly is having reading difficulties.
Carly is reading 20 words correctly per minute (goal is 60), skips or guesses at words she doesn’t know, mostly during language arts.
Carly can not decode and struggles to read words containing R controlled vowels, digraphs, & long vowels.
Jack’s math CBM scores fell at the 10th percentile as compared to national norms. Jack is not fluent in his knowledge of basic math facts and often does not attend to addition or subtraction signs on written math problems.
Jack cannot add or subtract.
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80% meeting
expectation
15% need more
5% need the most
Academic Reference Points for Goals
50th Percentil
e on national norms
Low Risk indicator
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1 2 3 4 50%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Percentage of Students Meeting Expectation in Reading Comprehension (AIMSweb Maze)
FallWinterSpringGoal
Grade Level
Only 62% of 4th graders and 65% of 5th graders are meeting expectations in reading comprehension at the winter benchmark; although a slight improvement from fall to winter is noted, it is
below the goal of having 80% of students meet expectation.
What?
For today, we will focus on 4th
graders
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Four 4th graders have the lowest scores on measures of reading comprehension. Other
students are below expectation but their scores are within + 1 correct responses (CR) of the target (14 CR). Scores for these four students fall in the At Risk range, which is below the 10th percentile on
national norms.
Who?
Low Risk > 14 CR
All close
to goal of
14 CR
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Why?
Why?
ICEL
Skill Developme
nt
Functional Drivers
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Phonological Awareness
Phonics
Fluency
Comprehension
Vocab
ular
y
Reading to
Learn
Lear
ning
to R
ead
Comprehension
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Three 4th grade students are performing well below
expectation comprehending written text that is presented
at grade level (scores on Maze measures fall below the 10th
percentile on national norms). These students also have
weak reading fluency skills that fall well below expectation,
which is thought to be the reason for their low reading
comprehension skills. A fourth student (Sally) also is
performing well below expectation in reading
comprehension, but her reading fluency skills are in
expected ranges. Weak vocabulary skills may be lowering
her comprehension skills.
Why?
Let us look at reading fluency as a possible reason for these
four students’ low reading comprehension.
Harris Word list for Sally = 2nd grade
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2 Possible Problem Precision Statements
Three 4th grade students (Who) are not comprehending content from written text presented at grade level (What, When, and Where). These students also have weak reading fluency skills that fall well below expectation, which is thought to be the reason for their low reading comprehension skills (Why)
Current Levels: Scores on Maze measures fall below the 10th percentile on national norms (3 CR with 14 CR expected). Fluency rates also fall at or below the 10th percentile for national norms (48-53 WRC/min with 109 WRC/min expected)
Student S (Who) is having difficulty comprehending written text presented at her grade level (What, When and Where), but her reading fluency skills are in expected ranges. Weak vocabulary skills may be lowering her comprehension skills (Why).
Current Levels: Maze score = 3 CR (14 CR expected); Vocabulary level = 2nd grade on Harris Word List (4th grade expected)
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Add to TIPS Meeting Minutes
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Now for practice with Precise Problem
StatementsPick a Problem Packet and develop a
Precise Problem Statement15 minutes
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Scenario Examples
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Implement Solution with High Integrity
Identify Goal for Change
Identify Problemwith
Precision
Monitor Impactof Solution and
Compare against Goal
Make SummativeEvaluationDecision
MeetingFoundations
Team-Initiated Problem Solving (TIPS II) Model
IdentifySolution and
CreateImplementation
Plan with Contextual Fit
Collect and Use
Data
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Identify Goal for ChangeWhat and When
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What goals have you set?
Frequency of exercise?
Time on social media?
Weight loss or gain?
Saving money?
What? By when?
Goal: Exercise 3 times a week during March
Goal: Loose 15 pounds by June (swim season)
Goal: Decrease time on social media to 10 minutes per day by October 15
Goal: Save $150 by Black Friday
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Observed Goal
SWIS National Medians
Benchmark Expectations
Social Expectations
Comparison to Similar Settings
Contextual Needs
What defines Our Goal?
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Current: 38 referrals for Aggression
during the past month
Goal: .5 or fewer referrals per day for Aggression
Current: 12 bus referrals last
month
Goal: 1 or fewer bus referrals per
week (.20 per day)
Current: 1.5 referrals per day
for defiance
Goal: 1 or fewer referrals per week or .20 per day for
defiance
Current: 61% of 3rd grade
students meeting expectations in
reading
Goal: 80% of 3rd grade students meeting
expectations in reading
GoalWhat? By when?
Goal: 80% of 3rd grade students meeting
expectations in reading by
Spring Benchmark
Goal: 1 or fewer bus referrals per day (.20 per day)
by December
Goal: 1 or fewer referrals per week or .20 per day for defiance by April
1st
Goal: .5 or fewer referrals per day for Aggression by
March
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Office Discipline Referrals rates for disrespect will be at or below
the national median for our school size by April of this school year and will remain at or below this level for the remainder of the
school year.
Referrals for tardies among ninth graders will reduce by 50% by
our March meeting and will continue to decrease across the next 3 months until there are no
more than 2 per month for 3 months.
Referral rates for aggression on the playground will reduce to one or fewer each week (.20
per day) among 5th grade students and will stay at this level for the rest of the school
year.Reading assessment data for students in literacy intervention group
performance will move from High to Low Risk status by the Winter benchmark and will be at this level or move to “No Risk” levels by the Spring
benchmark.
GoalWhat? By when?
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Goal or No Goal?
2 times a day
Reduce instances of 3rd and 4th grade disrespect on the playground to no more .50 per day, monthly through year end
Reduce instances of 3rd & 4th grade disrespect on the playground to 1 per week (.20 per day) by end of the school year
Reduce instances of 3rd & 4th grade disrespect on the playground to no more than 1 time a day
Reduce instances of 3rd & 4th grade disrespect on the playground
No 9th grade tardies for the remainder of the school year
Reduce tardies in 9th grade
Add by how much and “by When”
Add “What” and “by When”
Add “by When”
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Practice Writing Goals for Change
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Write a Goal for a New Precise Problem (from Task 4)
Many students in 1st through 6th grades (Who) are displaying harassment behaviors (What) in the classroom, playground, cafeteria, and on the bus (Where) during the morning (8:00-10:30), at lunch (1:45-1:00) and on the afternoon bus (2:45-3:45) (When) in order to gain adult or peer attention or obtain an item (Why).
Current Levels: December 2011 – 15/12 = 1.25/day; January 2012 – 18/19 = .95/day;February 2012 – 11/18 = .61/day;
Write a goal for this precise
problem.
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GoalWhat? By when?
Referrals for harassment on the bus, in the classroom, or on the playground
will be reduced to 2 or fewer per month by April (.11/day) and then to 1 or
fewer per month by May (.06/day). It will
remain at that level for the rest of the school year.
Maintenance
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Many students in 1st through 6th grades are displaying harassment behaviors in the classroom, playground, and on the bus during the morning (8:00-9:45), at lunch, and in the afternoon (2:45-3:30) in order to gain adult or peer attention or obtain an item.
Current Levels:December 2011 – 15/12 = 1.25/day;January 2012 – 18/19 = .95/dayFebruary 2012 – 11/18 = .61/day
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Practice
Write a goal for your Problem Precision statement10 minutes
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Identify Solution and Create Implementation Plan with Contextual Fit
What and When
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Implement Solution with High Integrity
Identify Goal for Change
Identify Problemwith
Precision
Monitor Impactof Solution and
Compare against Goal
Make SummativeEvaluationDecision
MeetingFoundations
Team-Initiated Problem Solving (TIPS II) Model
IdentifySolution and
CreateImplementation
Plan with Contextual Fit
Collect and Use
Data
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What are we going to do to bring about the desired
change?
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SolutionsPrevent
Teach
Prompt
Reinforce
Extinguish or Withhold Reward
Correction
How can we avoid the problem context?
How can we define, monitor, and teach what we want?How can we set up opportunities for the desired behavior?
How can we build in systematic reward for the desired behavior?
How can we prevent the problem behavior from being rewarded?
What are effective and consistent consequences for problem behavior?
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Prevent
Teach
Prompt
Reinforce
Extinguish
Correct
Example for Precise Behavior Problem Statement6th and 7th graders are engaging in inappropriate language, harassment, disrespect and aggression in two classrooms at 9:45 and 12:45 to get peer and adult attention and to escape the work. October = 1.3/day; November = 1.7/day; December – 1.66/day
Re-review 6th and 7th graders classroom expectations/Respecting others, daily
Focus on Respect, Re-teach stop-walk routine
Provide specific feedback for using stop-walk routine
Ensure staff use routine for responding to a report when student comes to talk.
Use School Defined Process
Set up “Daily Double”: Class period without problem behavior occurrence receives extra 2 mins, at end of period to talk.
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Prevent “Trigger”
Define & Teach
Reward/Reinforce
Withhold Reward
Corrective consequence
Other
Example for Precise Academic Problem StatementFour 4th grade students are performing below expectation in reading comprehension. For three of these students, their performance is being impacted by low reading fluency skills. For one student, weak vocabulary skills are keeping her from comprehending written text.
Provide instructional level materials for independent reading activities.
Participation in a Repeated Readings intervention group.
Self monitoring of reading fluency skills with gains tied to rewards.
Self monitoring of known and unknown vocabulary words and accuracy rates.
Participation in a Drill Sandwich vocabulary practice.
Reading buddy with kindergarten students
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Why?
ICEL
Skill Developmen
t
Functional Drivers
Instruction CurriculumEnvironmen
tLearner
To Gain
To Avoid
Acquisition
Fluency
Generalization
Adaptation
Other Avenues for
Brainstorming Solutions
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A Few Things to Consider with Solutions
Is it feasible?
Is there “buy in” for this strategy?
Would you expect to see a change with this solution in place?
Match to the precision elements
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Create your action plan
What are you going to do?
Who?By
When?
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Create your action plan
Many students in 1st through 6th grades are displaying harassment behaviors in the classroom, playground, and on the bus during the morning (8:00-9:45), at lunch, and in the afternoon (2:45-3:30) in order to gain adult or peer attention or obtain an item.
Current Levels:December 2011 – 15/12 = 1.25/day;January 2012 – 18/19 = .95/dayFebruary 2012 – 11/18 = .61/day
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PracticeCreate a Solution Plan for your Precise
Problem
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Implement Solution with High Integrity
Identify Goal for Change
Identify Problemwith
Precision
Monitor Impactof Solution and
Compare against Goal
Make SummativeEvaluationDecision
MeetingFoundations
Team-Initiated Problem Solving (TIPS II) Model
IdentifySolution and
CreateImplementation
Plan with Contextual Fit
Collect and Use
Data
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Evaluation PlanningEvery problem needs to be monitored and
evaluated• How to assess the Fidelity of Implementation• How to assess the Impact of
Solutions
Part 1
Part 2
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How will we know that we did what we said we would
do?Step 1 of Evaluation Planning or Fidelity of Implementation
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Fidelity of Implementation
Measures the degree to which the intervention or action was implemented as defined/expected
Use percent/absolute value/ rate/scale as metricFor school-wide, strive for 80% fidelity of
implementationMeasure monthly, weekly, or biweeklyIf safety issue – strive for higher level of
implementation fidelityMake it easy to gatherStart simple
Are we implementing the plan?
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Teacher Completed Fidelity ScalesEstablish a fidelity check routine that relates to
Implementation• A 1-5 scale is used for questions • Up to 3 questions per week• Share scale as a poster in the faculty room, an electronic
survey, or paper and pencilDid you provide “high-five greetings” to all students entering your class on time in the
morning this week?
1 2 3 4 5No Yes
How many days during the week did you review with students the procedures for passing in the
hall?
1 2 3 4 5✓ ✓✓✓ ✓✓✓
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Another Option: Internet-Based Fidelity Scale
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Other Data for Monitoring Fidelity of
Implementation
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Other Data for Monitoring Fidelity of Implementation
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Other Data for Monitoring Fidelity of Implementation
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Evaluation PlanningEvery problem needs to be monitored and
evaluated• How to assess the Fidelity of Implementation• How to assess the Impact of
Solutions
Part 1
Part 2
✓
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How will we know if the solution worked?
Step 2 of Evaluation Planning or Identifying Outcome Measures
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Fidelity Data Collection
Discussion Time:
As a school, how are you going to collect fidelity data?
Things to Define:What tools you going to use to gather dataFrequency of data collectionWho will set it up?Who will gather and report it?What is your goal?
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Did your solutions work?
Frequency of exercise?
Saving money?Time on social
media?
Goal: Exercise 3 times a week during MarchSolution: Join running club; Reward runs with 1 piece of chocolateStatus: Exercised 2 times a week in March.
Goal: Save $150 by NovemberSolution: Save all change/coins; No Starbucks; Bring lunch 3 times a weekStatus: $135 saved by November
Goal: Reduce social media time to 15 minutes a day in MaySolution: Remove apps from phone; Reward days with no social media Status: An average of 15 minutes a week were recorded in May
Improved but not to goal
Improved – goal met! Improved but not to goal
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Developing an Evaluation Plan for Evaluating Impact on Student Behavior
Evaluate effect of solutions on student behavior (impact) as compared to the goal
Define data to be usedMust be tied to goal (What and By When)
Effectiveness of Implementation Measure:
Monthly SWIS ODR reports for Defiance for 3rd and 4th graders
Goal: To reduce ODRs for defiance among 3rd and 4th graders to .5 or
fewer per day by the month of December
Effectiveness of Implementation Measure:
Weekly cafeteria cleanliness rating scale
Goal: By next month, to increase cafeteria worker’s weekly
satisfaction level from 2.5 to a 4.5 (out of 5-points with 5 being very
clean) for cafeteria table cleanliness after 3rd, 4th, and 5th
grader lunch periods have cleaned their tables.
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Add Team Decisions to TIPS Meeting Minutes
Form
SWIS ODR monthly
reports for harassment on the bus
among 1-6th graders
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PracticeWhat fidelity and outcome data will
you gather?
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Implement Solution with High Integrity
Identify Goal for Change
Identify Problemwith
Precision
Monitor Impactof Solution and
Compare against Goal
Make SummativeEvaluationDecision
MeetingFoundations
Team-Initiated Problem Solving (TIPS II) Model
IdentifySolution and
CreateImplementation
Plan with Contextual Fit
Collect and Use
Data
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Practice with Data
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Monitor Impact and Compare against Goal
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Did we do what we said we would do?
I provided explicit instruction in Transition from Recess procedures to my students.
1 2 3 4 5
Strongly Disagree Neutral Strongly Agree
8 out of the 10 3rd and 4th grade teachers (83%) had ratings of 4 or above.
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Did we do what we said we would do?
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Did it Work? Compare Current Data against Goal
.17/day
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Practice Monitoring Impact of Solution and Comparing against
Goal
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Practice Monitoring Impact of Solution and Comparing against
Goal
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Make Summative Evaluation Decisions
What next?
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Implement Solution with High Integrity
Identify Goal for Change
Identify Problemwith
Precision
Monitor Impactof Solution and
Compare against Goal
Make SummativeEvaluationDecision
MeetingFoundations
Team-Initiated Problem Solving (TIPS II) Model
IdentifySolution and
CreateImplementation
Plan with Contextual Fit
Collect and Use
Data
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Do we need to modify the solution to have a stronger
impact? Do we need to discuss the feasibility of this solution?
If we met the goal, how do we maintain it?
Do we need to revise the goal?
Do we need to revise the precision statement for the problem?
Should we recycle through the problem solving process?
What do we do next?
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What do you do next?
Goal: Exercise 3 times a week during MarchSolution: Join running club; Reward runs with 1 piece of chocolateStatus: Exercised 2 times a week in March.
Goal: Save $150 by NovemberSolution: Save all change/coins; No Starbucks; Bring lunch 3 times a weekStatus: $135 saved by November
Goal: Reduce social media time to 15 minutes a day in MaySolution: Remove apps from phone; Reward days with no social media Status: An average of 15 minutes a week were recorded in May
Goal Met!
Improved but goal not met
Improved but goal not met
Celebrate and consider maintenance plan.
Add other incentives?
Keep going but maybe increase incentives?
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Meeting FoundationsPredictability, Participation, Communication, and Accountability
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Implement Solution with High Integrity
IdentifyGoal for Change
Identify Problemwith
Precision
Monitor Impactof Solution and
Compare against Goal
Make SummativeEvaluationDecision
MeetingFoundations
Team-Initiated Problem Solving II (TIPS II) Model
IdentifySolution and
CreateImplementation
Plan withContextual Fit
Collect and Use
Data
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PREDICTABILITYPARTICIPATION
ACCOUNTABILITYCOMMUNICATION
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Implement Solution with High Integrity
Identify Goal for Change
Identify Problemwith
Precision
Monitor Impactof Solution and
Compare against Goal
Make SummativeEvaluationDecision
MeetingFoundations
Critical Features of Team-Initiated
Problem Solving (TIPS II)
IdentifySolution and
CreateImplementation
Plan with Contextual Fit
Collect and Use
Data
Meeting Foundations
Problem Solving
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TIPS Fidelity Checklist (TIPS - FC)
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Critical Features of TIPS IIMeeting Foundations
Roles are assigned with responsibilities understood
Solutions developed in meeting CAN be implemented
A meeting schedule is created and respected (date and times)
Attendance at meetings
Agenda is public, reviewed at start of meeting, and shared during meeting
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Critical Features of TIPS IIProblem Solving
TIPS Meeting Minutes (or equivalent) are used
Previous “old” problems are discussed with status reviewed
Quantitative data in the right format to answer the right questions are used and projected for all to see
Problems are defined with precision (what, where, when, who, why)
All active problems have solutions documented on full action plans
Problems with solutions defined have goals for success
Data examining the fidelity of implementation of solutions are gathered and shared with team
Outcome data examining the impact of solutions are gathered and shared with team
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Roles and ResponsibilitiesFacilitator, Minute Taker, Data Analyst, Team Member
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Roles on TIPS Teams
Facilitator
Minute Taker
Data Analyst
Team Member
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Roles and Responsibilities Defined
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Building Your TIPS Team
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Pick Your Roles Define roles with a back up person identified for the
Facilitator, Minute Taker, and Data Analyst Complete Team Roster with contact information
Determine Meeting Schedule for School Year When (start and end time) and where Make sure you have access to internet and LCD Add to Team Roster page
Group Agreements for Operating Team Meetings Agree on group norms
Meeting Logistics – You Will Need: Use of laptop(s) Chart paper/white board or other way for posting agenda An LCD projector for projecting Meeting Minutes and data Internet access in meeting room
Building Your TIPS Team
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Onward…Additional skill building activities including
“Using TIPS for Academic Examples” are available
(http://tips2info.blogspot.com)
Ask questions any time!
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Contact Information
University of Oregon
Rob Horner Anne [email protected] [email protected]
University of North Carolina at Charlotte
Bob Algozzine Kate [email protected] [email protected]
Dale [email protected]