Download - Nutrigenomics, Biomarkers & Health
www.ucd.ie/foodandhealth
Nutrition Biomarkers and Health
Prof Lorraine Brennan
School of Agriculture & Food Science
UCD Conway Institute
UCD, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
Outline
Personalised Nutrition
Challenge
• What did you eat yesterday?
• What was the portion size?
• Can you describe your habitual diet?
The need for Dietary Biomarkers
Limitations:
• Measurements over short periods of time may be
unrepresentative
• Recall of eating behaviour can be difficult
• Errors in reporting intakes
• Recording process alters dietary habits
• Difficult to validate
Food diaries, FFQ, 24 hr recalls
Metabolomics is the study of metabolites present in biological
samples
aims to study alterations in metabolism and metabolic
pathways under different conditions
aims to profile all of the metabolites present in the samples:
the metabolome.
metabolites represent biological end points and are now
implicated in the development of a number of human
diseases
What is metabolomics?
Introduction to metabolomics
Metabolomics: large amount of metabolites, multivariate
data analysis
NMR
LC-MS
GC-MS
Traditional metabolic studies: targeted specific pathways
univariate statistics
1. Biomarkers of Dietary Intake
Metabolomics in nutrition
Strategies for biomarker discovery
Acute intervention with specific foods
metabolomics
Biomarker Identification
Biomarker assessment in cohort
Prior knowledge: database
Examples of biomarkers
Heinzman et al AJCN 2010
Examples of biomarkers
Our recent discoveries
Biomarkers of
- Citrus fruit
- Red meat
- White meat
- Dairy intake
- SSB
Examples of on-going work:
Biomarkers of
- Legumes
- Carrots
- Fruit (apples)
- Cake
- Dietary Fat
- …….
Markers
Health/
Disease Risk
Factors
Biomarkers reflective of dietary
intake
Compliance
Dietary Intake
Link with Quantified Self?
Precision Medicine
Precision Nutrition
Metabolomics based biomarkers
image courtesy of Metabolon
Is PN advice more effective than conventional healthy eating
guidelines?
Develop a method for delivery of PN remotely
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1. University College Dublin (Ireland)
2. Maastricht University (The Netherlands)
3. University of Navarra (Spain)
4. University of Reading (UK)
5. National Food and Nutrition Institute Warsaw
(Poland)
6. Harokopio University Athens (Athens)
7. Technische Universitaet Muenchen
(Germany)
Coordinated by Newcastle
University
Courtesy John Mathers, UNew
Proof of Principle Study
Level 0 Level 1 PN Level 2 PN Level 3 PN
• Generic
healthy eating
guidelines
• Dietary intake• Dietary intake
• Phenotype
• Dietary intake
• Phenotype
• Genotype
Generic Personalised
Baseline Month 3 Month 6Month 2Month 1
Dietary data
Physical activity
Blood sample
DNA sample
Collection of dietary data
Collection of Phenotypic Data
Vitas
Metabolite measurements on DBS
Examples
Fatty acids (%) Myristic acid C14:0
Pentadecyclic acid C15:0 Palmitic acid C16:0 Stearic acid C18:0
cisVaccenic acid C18:1 cis Oleic acid C18:1
Total saturated fat* Omega 3 index**
Linoleic acid C18:2 n6 Arachidonic acid C20:4 n6
Carotenoids (µM)
aCaroten bCaroten
bCryptoxanthin Lutein
Lycopene Zeaxanthin
Collection of genetic data
• Health and lifestyle
questionnaires
• Physical activity
Collection of Data
Algorithms for Decision Trees
(Females <88 cm; Males <102cm)
< 5 5 to 8 >8 < 5 5 to 8 >8 < 5 5 to 8 >8 < 5 5 to 8 >8 < 5 5 to 8 >8 < 5 5 to 8 >8 < 5 5 to 8 >8 < 5 5 to 8 >8 < 5 5 to 8 >8
Note:
* Glucose and Cholesterol are mesured from blood and expressed in mmol units
Cholesterol: Low <5 ; Normal 5 to 8; High >8 mmol
Glucose: Low <6.1 ; Normal 6.1 to 7.0 ; High >7.0
Sedentary Lightly Active Active
Check Glucose levels? Check Glucose levels? Check Glucose levels?
FTO (rs9939609)
Body weight
Check Physical Activity level?
Carriers of the Risk Variant (AA or TA)
Check BMI
Normal Waist Circumference
Underweight (BMI <18.5 kg.m2)
>7.0
Check cholesterol levels? Check cholesterol levels? Check cholesterol levels? Check cholesterol levels? Check cholesterol levels? Check cholesterol levels? Check cholesterol levels?
<6.1 6.1 to 7.0 >7.0 <6.1 6.1 to 7.0 >7.0 <6.1 6.1 to 7.0
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Check cholesterol levels? Check cholesterol levels?
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Gene (SNP) (2)Body weight (3)
Waist (2)Physical activity (3)
Glucose level (3)Cholesterol levels (3)
Normal weight
Primary Outcomes
Participants ate significantly healthier diets after
receiving PN compared with the control group
Future Opportunities
More detailed profiling
diet markers
disease risk markers
Personalise Dietary
Advice
Beger et al Metabolomics 2016
Overall Conclusions
Personalised Nutrition Advice
Metabolomics teamA McNamara, Dr A O Gorman
H Gibbons, Dr K Horner, C
Erraught’ X Yin, V O Sullivan
Dr Harsha Pepadti, Dr L Kirwan
K Li, R AbudulWahab, A Curran
J Davison, Dr O Grant, T Alegare,
Dr M Clarke,
Collaborators
Nutritech partners: G Frost, Imperial College
JINGO partners
Food4me partners (M Gibney, E Gibney, H Roche)