Nuclear RNA polymerase II Transcript Modifying Enzymespr
e-m
RNA
Proc
essi
ng
5’ capping
m7G5’pppm6N1.....
SAM
SAH
pppN.....
ppN.....
G5’pppN.....
m7G5’pppN.....
Pi
GTP
PPi
SAM
SAH
m7G cap3’ end processing
AAUAAAUGUA CS G/U-rich
CPSF73CPSF
CFIm CstF
AAUAAAUGUA CS
G/U-rich
CPSF73CPSF
CFIm
AAUAAAUGUA
CPSF73CPSF
CFImAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
ATP
PPi
PAP
CPSF73
PAPαPAPγTUT1
cleavage/polyadenylation histone 3’ processing
NNNPy
Py
SLBP
U7
CPSF73
CPSF100
Symplekin
NNN
N N N
SLBP ERI1
SLBP
CPSF73
ERI1
3’box
CPSF73LIntegrator
3’box
CPSF73L
?
integrator processing RNase P
RNaseP
RNaseZ
CCA-addingenzymeTRNT1
CCAmascRNA
AAAUUUUUU
AGGUexon1 exon2A
U2
U5U6
U6 U4U5
U2AFAGGUexon1 exon2A
U2U1
U1
U4U2AF
U2AFAGGUexon1 exon2A
U1
U5AGGUexon1 exon2
U6A
U2
AG
UGA exon1 exon2
U5AGexon1 exon2
U6A
U2
splicing
major spliceosome circle by splicing....circle.... GUAGA
circle
....circle....
UGA AG
UGA AG
exon1 AU // AC exon2exon1 GU // AG exon2
U1
spliceosomemajor minor
U5
U6 U6atac
U4
U2
U11
U5
U4atac
U12
lncRNA
AAAUUUUUU
U6 snRNA
U6 snRNA
m7G5’ppp....
TMG cap
m7G5’pppm6N1m6N
2.....
SAM
SAH
TGS1
m3
2,2,7G5’ppp.....
SAM
SAH
CMTR1
CMTR2
bifunctionalcappingenzymeRNGTT
RNMT
nucl
eus
eRNA eRNA
?CPSF73 ?CPSF73
nuc. exosome
CPSF73L
gene 3’ end
sn(o)RNA
3’ trimming
snRNA
2’O-methylation &pseudouridylation
in Cajal bodies
FBL of C/D box scaRNPs (2’O-me)DKC1 of H/ACA scaRNPs (pseudoU)
snoRNA
cap trimethylationin Cajal bodies
to nucleolusTGS1
sn(o)RNA generead-through
histone generead-through
CPSF73
gene 3’ end
ERI1
miRNA
DGCR8 DROSHA
DGCR8 DROSHA
CPSF73PAP
AAAAAA
PAPD5
ADARI
A
A
?
lnc RNAs
post-transcriptionalsplicing
nuclear decay
nuclear retention
AAAAAA
AAAAAA
RNA methylationRNA demethylation
METTL3METTL14
FTO;ALKBH5m6A
A
RNA editing ADAR
APOBEC
I
A
U
C
DXO; XRN2nuc. exosome
mRNA
histone mRNA
cleavagesplicing XRN2
PROMPT
capping
CPSF73 RNGTTRNMT
mRNA (some intron-containing lncRNA)
polyadenylation
CPSF73
PAP
intronicsnoRNA
mirtron
tailedmirtron
?XRN2 ? nuc. exosome ?endonucleases
XRN2nuc. exosome
endonucleases? ?
DBR1
intron
AAA
see snRNA, snoRNA
PAPD5
PARN
TO CYTOPLASM
cap-trimethylationin cytoplasm
TO CYTOPLASM
TO CYTOPLASM
TO CYTOPLASMsee miRNA
This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Schmid M, Jensen TH (2014). SnapShot: nuclear RNAPII transcript modification. Cell. 157:1244, which has been published in final form by Cell Press. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.05.003