Download - N.S. 100 Lecture 4a– Cell Part 1
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N.S. 100 Lecture 4a– Cell Part 1 There are two versions of this file on my web
site. It is a large file and it may be more convenient for you to view the pdf version of
this file online.
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CELLS~ smallest unit of life
~ highly organized
Adult human stem cell
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http://www.petitmusee.org/images/ameba_jpg.jpg
Algae cell Protozoan cell
Protozoan cell
Algae cell
Cells come in all shapes and sizes
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Blood cellsNerve cell
Bacteria cells
…….more cell shapes and sizes
Fungus infected skin cells
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~ All cells are chemical factories ~
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http://images.pennnet.com/gallery/cgw/0600_cancer_cells.jpg
Cancer cells = abnormal cell products
make them look and behave abnormally
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Two basic types of cells:Proc(k)aryotic Cells
Lack internal membranes or compartments
Bacteria and blue green bacteria
Euc(k)aryotic Cells
Contain organelles (internal membranes & membrane bound compartments)
Animals, Plants, Fungi, and Protista
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Spirals
spheres
Rods
Three prokaryotic cell shapes
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~Bacteria~ example of prokaryotic
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Eucaryotic cells found in: plants, fungi, protista, and animals
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http://www.oup.co.uk/images/oxed/children/yoes/nature/animalcell.jpg
http://www.escellinternational.com/images/content%20images/cell1.jpg
http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/01541a.jpg
Eucaryotic cells contain organelles =
internal membrane structures
“Oily” membranes surround cells and organelles
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Water
Oil Drop
Organelles are like oil drops (liposomes, lipo = fat, some = body)
and they do not dissolve in water
Water
Oil
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Organelles = oil drops with enzymes inside
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Human cheek cells magnified 400 times
Nucleus (organelle)
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NucleusEukaryotic cells
DNA called chromatin = blueprint for proteins
surrounded by nuclear envelope (membrane)
Nuclear pores
Nucleolus
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Nuclear membrane with pores
DNA
Nucleolus
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DNA or Chromatin -
appears as dots, but it is really a threadlike material
DNA
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Chromatin
Each human cell has 9 feet of chromatin
Human brain 100 billion cells 900 billion feet of
DNA
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Biology by Mader, 2001
Nuclear membrane or envelope
Nuclear membrane with protein lined pores
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chromatin
Nuclear pore
Nucleolus - makes ribosomes
Nuclear membrane
Nucleolus
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organelle
organelle
organelle
organelle
Plasma membrane
Cytoplasm all living material in cell minus the nucleusCytosol = cytoplasm minus organelles = fluid
Nucleus
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Nucleus
Endomembrane System ~series of connected membranes ~manufacture & delivery of products
Endomembrane system
Cell product
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Endomembrane System:Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) ~ ribosomes ~ ribosomes make proteins
Smooth ER ~ enzymes detoxify carcinogens, pesticides
~ lipid synthesis
Golgi Complex ~ tags proteins for delivery options
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Biology by Solomon, 2002
3 parts of the Endomembrane
system
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Rough Endoplasmsic Reticulum
Membranes
Ribosomes