Download - Nota Padat Fizik SMK Merbau Miri
-
7/27/2019 Nota Padat Fizik SMK Merbau Miri
1/37
1
READINGMODULEFORSPM2013
SMKMERBAUMIRISARAWAK
PART1:MASTERINGTHEDEFINITION
PHYSICSTERM DEFINITION EXAMPLE/QUESTION
FORM4CHAPTER1INTRODUCTIONTOPHYSICS
Physicalquantity Isaquantitythatcanbemeasured.
Basequantity Isaquantitythatcannotbedefinedinothertermsofphysicalquantities.
Derivedquantity Isaquantitythatcanbedefinedinothertermsofphysicalquantitiesbyeithermultiplicationordivisionorboth.
Scalarquantity Isaquantitywithmagnitudeonly. Example:distance,speed,time,mass,temperature
Vectorquantity Isaquantitywithbothmagnitudeanddirection. Example:displacement,velocity,acceleration,force
FORM4CHAPTER2FORCESANDMOTION
Distance
Isthetotallengthbetweentwopoints. Measuretheactuallength.Displacement Isthetotallengthbetweentwopointsatcertaindirection. Measuretheshortcutlength
Speed Istherateofchangeofdistance.Speed=
takenTime
Distance
Unitofspeedisms1.
Velocity Istherateofchangeofdisplacement.Velocity,v=
takenTime
ntDisplaceme
Unitofvelocityisms1.
Acceleration Istherateofchangeofvelocity.Acceleration,a=
takenTime
velocityofChange
Unitofaccelerationisms2.
Anda=T
v - u
Inertia Isthetendencyofobjecttoresistthesuddenchangeactingonthesystem
OR
Isthetendencyofobjecttoremainatrestifrestorcontinuetomovewithuniform
velocityinstraightlineifmovingunlessexternalforceactingonit.
No formula as it is not a physical quantity that can be
measured.
BUTinertiadependsonthemass.Biggermasshasbigger
inertia.
Momentum Istheproductofmassandvelocity. Momentum,p=mv m=mass,v=velocity
Unitofmomentumiskgms1
Principleofconservationof
momentum
Statesthat inclosedsystem,totalmomentumbeforecollision isequaltothetotal
momentumafterthecollisionsuchthatthetotalmomentumisconserved.
Elastic:m1u1+m2u2=m1v1+m1v2
Inelastic:m1u1+m2u2=(m1+m1)v
Explosion:0=m1v1+m1v2
Impulse Isthechangeofmomentum. Impulse=Ft F=force,t=time
Impulse=mvmu
Unitofimpulseiskgms1http://edu.joshuatly.com/http://fb.me/edu.joshuatl
-
7/27/2019 Nota Padat Fizik SMK Merbau Miri
2/37
2
PHYSICSTERM DEFINITION EXAMPLE/QUESTION
Impulsiveforce Istherateofchangeofmomentum.Impulsiveforce,F=
t
mv - mu
Unitofimpulsiveforceiskgms2
Shorterimpacttime,biggerimpulsiveforce.
Force Istheproductofmassandacceleration. Force,F=ma m=massa=acceleration
Unitofforceiskgms2orNewtonorN
Newtonsfirstlawofmotion Statesthatabodycontinuesinstateofrestoruniformvelocityinstraightlineunless
acteduponbyanexternalforce.
Alwaysreferredtoinertiacondition!!
Newtonssecondlawof
motion
States that the rate of change of momentum of moving object is directly
proportionaltoandinthesamedirectionastheforceactingonit.
Alwaysreferredtocollisionsystems!!
Newtonsthirdlawof
motion
States that if one body exerts a force on another, there is an equal but opposite
forcecalledreactionexertedonthefirstbodybythesecond.
Alwaysreferredtoactionandreaction!!
(Ihitballaction)
(Theballcausesmyhandpainreaction)
Energy Istheabilityofdoingwork.
Workdone Istheproductofforceanddisplacementwhichisparalleltothedisplacementofthe
object.
Workdone,W=Fs [noangle]
Workdone,W=Fscos [ifangle]
F=force
s=displacement
UnitofworkdoneisJouleorJ
Potentialenergy Istheenergypossessedbytheobjectduetoitspositionorlocation. Potentialenergy,Ep=mgh
m=mass
g=gravityvalue=10ms2
h=height
UnitofpotentialenergyisJouleKineticenergy Istheenergypossessedbytheobjectduetoitsconditionofmovement. Kineticenergy,Ek=mv
2
m=mass
v=velocity
UnitofkineticenergyisJoule
Principleofconservationof
energy
Statesthatinaclosedsystem,theenergycannotbecreatedordestroyedbutitcan
be changed from one form to another form that is the total energy is being
conserved.
http://edu.joshuatly.com/http://fb.me/edu.joshuatl
-
7/27/2019 Nota Padat Fizik SMK Merbau Miri
3/37
3
PHYSICSTERM DEFINITION EXAMPLE/QUESTION
Power Istherateofworkdone.Power,P=
Time
WorkDone
OR
Power,P=Time
Energy
UnitofpowerisWattorW
Efficiency Istheratioofoutputworkdonetotheinputenergysuppliedbythesystem.Efficiency,e=
yInputEnerg
OutputWorkx100%
Hookeslaw Statesthattheextensionofspring isdirectlyproportionaltothe forceactingon it
suchthattheelasticlimitisnotexceeded.
Force,F=kx
k=forceconstant
x=extensionofspring
Fistotheweightofobjectwhereweight=massx10
Elasticity Is the ability of an object to resume to its original state once the applied force is
removed.
Springconstant Istheforceperunitlengthofextension. k=F/x
UnitofspringconstantisNm1
FORM4CHAPTER3FORCESANDPRESSURE
Pressure
Istheforceactingnormallytothesurfaceperunitarea. Pressure,p=F/A
[if
solid]
F=force
A=area
UnitofpressureisNm2orPascalorPa
OR
Pressure,p=hg [ifliquid]
h=depth =densityofliquid
g=gravityvalue=10ms2
UnitofpressureisNm2orPascalorPa
OR
Pressure,p=76cmHg+unbalance[mercury]
Atmosphericpressure Isthepressureexertedbytheatmosphereonthesurfaceoftheearth.
http://edu.joshuatly.com/http://fb.me/edu.joshuatl
-
7/27/2019 Nota Padat Fizik SMK Merbau Miri
4/374
PHYSICSTERM DEFINITION EXAMPLE/QUESTION
Pascalsprinciple Statesthat inenclosedsystem,theappliedpressurewillbetransmittedequally to
everypartofthefluidandalsotothewallofthecontainer.1
1
A
F=
2
2
A
F
AndA1d1=A2d2
A=area
d=distancemovedAchimedesprinciple Statesthatwhenanobjectisimmersedpartiallyorwhollyintoafluid,theweightof
water being displaced due buoyant force is equal to the weight of object being
immersed.
Buoyantforce,F=Vg
=densityofliquid
V=Immersedvolumeoftheobject
g=gravityvalue=10ms2
UnitofbuoyantforceisNewtonorN
Bernoullisprinciple Statesthataregionwhereexperienceshighairspeedwillhas lowairpressureand
viceversa.
Highspeedlowpressure
Lowspeedhighpressure
FORM4CHAPTER4HEAT
Thermalequilibrium Isaconditionwheretwoobjectsincontacthavethesametemperatureandthereis
nonettransferofheatbetweentwoobjects.
Heat Isaformofenergy.
Temperature Isthedegreeofhotnessofanobject.
Specificheatcapacity Istheamountofheatrequiredto increasethetemperatureof1kgobjectby1C
withoutchangeinphysicalstate.
Heat,H=mc
m=mass,c=specificheatcapacity, =riseintemperature
UnitofheatisJouleorJLowspecificheatcapacityfastergettinghot
Highspecificheatcapacityslowergettinghot
Waterisagoodcoolingagentasithashighspecificheat
capacity
Meltingpoint Isthemaximumtemperaturepointthatcanbesustainedbytheobjectbeforethe
objectstartstomelt.
Highmeltingpointcanwithstandhightemperature
beforeitgetsmelt
Boilingpoint Isthemaximumtemperaturepointthatcanbesustainedbytheobjectbeforethe
objectstartstoboil.
Specificlatentheatoffusion Is the amountofheat required to change the 1 kg object physically from solid to
liquidwithoutthechangeintemperature.
Heat,H=mLf
m=mass
Lf=specificlatentheatoffusion
UnitofheatisJouleorJ
Specificlatentheatof
vapourisation
Is theamountofheatrequired tochange the1kgobjectphysically from liquid to
steamwithoutthechangeintemperature.
Heat,H=mLv
m=mass
Lv=specificlatentheatofvapourisation
UnitofheatisJouleorJ
http://edu.joshuatly.com/http://fb.me/edu.joshuatl
-
7/27/2019 Nota Padat Fizik SMK Merbau Miri
5/375
PHYSICSTERM DEFINITION EXAMPLE/QUESTION
Boyleslaw Statesthatforafixedmassofgas,thepressureofgasisinverselyproportionaltoits
volumesuchthatthetemperatureofgasiskeptconstant.
P1V1=P2V2
P=pressure,V=volume
Charleslaw Statesthatforafixedmassofgas,thevolumeofgas isdirectlyproportionalto its
absolutetemperaturesuchthatthepressureofgasiskeptconstant.1
1
T
V=
2
2
T
V
V=volume,T=temperaturemustbeinunitKelvinT=(+273)K
Pressurelaw Statesthatforafixedmassofgas,thepressureofgasisdirectlyproportionaltoits
absolutetemperaturesuchthatthevolumeofgasiskeptconstant.1
1
T
P=
2
2
T
P
P=pressure,T=temperaturemustbeinunitKelvin
T=(+273)K
FORM4CHAPTER5LIGHTSnellslaw Statesthattheangleofincidence,angleofreflectionandthenormaltothesurface
all lie in the same plane such that the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of
reflection.
Mirror Isanobjectwithonlyonesideoffocus/viewwhereitwillreflecttheincidentray.
Lens Isanobjectwithtwosidesoffocus/viewwhereitallowstherefractionoflight.
Refractiveindex Istheratioofsineofincidenceangletothesineofrefractedangle.Refractiveindex,n=
r
i
sin
sin
i mustbeinairand r inmedium
Apparentdepth Isthedistanceofthevirtualimagefromthesurfaceofthewater.
Realdepth Isthedistanceoftherealobjectfromthesurfaceofthewater. Refractiveindex,n=DepthApparent
DepthReal
Criticalangle Is defined as the angle of incidence in the denser medium when the angle of
refractioninthelessdensemediumis90.Refractiveindex,n=
csin
1
c=criticalangle
Totalinternalreflection Statesthatwhentheangleofincidenceisfurtherincreasesothatitisgreaterthan
thecriticalangle,thenthelightisnolongerrefractedbutitisreflectedinternally.
Example:mirage,opticalfibre
Focalpoint Isapointwherealltherayswillfocusat.
Focallength,f IsthedistancebetweenthecentreofthelenswiththeprincipleF.
Poweroflens Isthereciprocalofthefocallengthofalens. Poweroflens,P=1/f
f=focallength(mustconverttounitmetre)
UnitofpoweroflensisDioptreorD
Formulaoflens:u
1
+v
1
=f
1
u=objectdistance,v=imagedistance,f=focallength
Imagemagnification,m=v/u
http://edu.joshuatly.com/http://fb.me/edu.joshuatl
-
7/27/2019 Nota Padat Fizik SMK Merbau Miri
6/37
6
PHYSICSTERM DEFINITION EXAMPLE/QUESTION
FORM5CHAPTER1WAVES
Wave Isthevibrationoroscillationofparticlewhichtransfersenergywithouttransferring
matterandthesevibrationsarerepeatedperiodically.
Transversewave Is a wave where the direction of vibrations of particles is perpendicular to the
propagationofwave#producecrestsandtroughs
Anytypesofwavesexceptsoundwave!!
Forexample:electromagneticwave,light,waterwave
Longitudinalwave Isawavewherethedirectionofvibrationsofparticlesisparalleltothepropagation
ofwave
#Produceaseriesofcompressionsandrarefactions
Soundwaveonly
Dampedoscillations Isanoscillationwhereitsamplitudedecreaseswithtimebutthefrequencyremains
constantandthisvibrationwillcometoastop.
Resonance Isthevibrationwhere is forced frequency isequal tothenatural frequencyof theobject.
Example:Bridgefallsbywindblow
Loudnessofsound Asoundwhereitdependsonitsamplitude
Pitchofsound Asoundwhereitdependsonitsfrequency
Phenomenonofwave Refraction,diffraction,reflectionandinterference
Refraction Refractionpassesthrough/seethroughthemedium
frequencyconstant
decreaseinspeed,wavelength(deeptoshalloworlessdensetodenser)
http://edu.joshuatly.com/http://fb.me/edu.joshuatl
-
7/27/2019 Nota Padat Fizik SMK Merbau Miri
7/37
7
PHYSICSTERM DEFINITION EXAMPLE/QUESTION
Diffraction Diffractionpassesthroughthegaporhole
frequency,wavelengthandspeedconstant
changeinshapeonlydependsonsizeofgap
Wavelengthissmallerthansizeofgap
diffractioneffectislessobvious
strongerenergyofwaveenteringthegap
Wavelengthisbiggerthansizeofgap
diffractioneffectismoreobvious
lesserenergyofwaveenteringthegap
Reflection Diffractiongoandreboundedbyshinnysurfaceorreflector
frequency,wavelengthandspeedconstantchangeindirectionofmovingonly
Interference Interferenceresultantofallwaves AntinodeAlinejoiningalltheconstructivepoints
NodeAlinejoiningallthedestructivepoints
Wavelength,=D
ax
a=sizeofgap/distancebetweensource
x=distancebetweentwoadjacentbrightfringeOR
distancebetweentwoadjacentdarkfringe
D=distancebetweenthescreenwithgaps
Monochromaticlight Isonewavelengthoronecolouroflight
Coherent Samefrequencyandsamephase
Electromagneticspectrum Isthecontinuousspreadof lightray intosevencolourswithdifferentwavelengths
andfrequencies.#Gamma,Xray,ultraviolet,visiblelight,infrared,microwave,radiowave
Gammaray(highfrequency,lowwavelength)dangerous
andkillscancercellsXray(Scanning),ultraviolet(detectforgenote),
infrared(shortdistancelinking),microwave(heatingand
satellite),radiowave(aerial/signalreceiver)http://edu.joshuatly.com/http://fb.me/edu.joshuatl
-
7/27/2019 Nota Padat Fizik SMK Merbau Miri
8/37
8
PHYSICSTERM DEFINITION EXAMPLE/QUESTION
FORM5CHAPTER2ELECTRICITY
Charge Isthetotalamountofelectronsflow Charge,Q=ne n=numberofelectrons,e=1.67x1019C
Charge,Q=It I=current,t=timeinseconds
UnitforchargeiscoulomborCCurrent Istherateofelectronflow I=Q/t
UnitforcurrentisampereorA
##Lowcurrentifhighresistance!!
Resistance Istheoppositionofcurrentflow.
Note:Resistance,R=L/A
Higherresistancehigherresistivity,longerwirelengthbutthinnerwire
CoppergoodconductorofelectricityAluminiumgoodaselectriccableascheapandlowrustingrate
Tungstengoodasfilamentbulbasitcanionizeeasilytogiveoutray
Copperveryhighresistanceandthusitisgoodasheatingelement
Higherresistanceproducemoreheat
morevoltage
lowercurrent
Unitforresistanceisohmor
Voltage
Potentialdifference
Is thework donewhenonecoulombofchargepasses fromonepoint toanother
point
Voltage,V=IR
##Morevoltageifhighresistance!!
##Highvoltagedoesnotmeanhighcurrent!!
##Highvoltagecansayhighresistance!!
Ohmslaw States that the potential difference across an ohmic conductor is directly
proportional to its current flow such that the temperature and other physical
quantityarekeptconstant!
OhmslawmeansV=IR
##AnytypesofwiresobeyOhmslaw
##Bulbandheatingmaterialsdoesnotobeyohmslaw
Electricalenergy Totalworkdonetomoveonecoulombofchargeinonesecond Electricalenergy,E=VIt tinsecond
InunitJouleorJ
Electricpower Istherateofelectricenergy Power,P=IV=V2/R=I2/R
InunitWattorW
http://edu.joshuatly.com/http://fb.me/edu.joshuatl
-
7/27/2019 Nota Padat Fizik SMK Merbau Miri
9/37
-
7/27/2019 Nota Padat Fizik SMK Merbau Miri
10/37
10
PHYSICSTERM DEFINITION EXAMPLE/QUESTION
Rectification Istheprocessofchangingalternatingcurrenttodirectcurrent Usediode
Semiconductor Isamaterialwhichhastheconductivitybetweentheconductorandinsulatorandits
conductivitycanbeimprovedbyincreasingitstemperature.
ptypesemiconductorsilicondopedwithtrivalent
majoritychargecarrierofhole
ntypesemiconductorsilicondopedwithpentavalentmajoritychargecarrierwhichis
calledelectron
Logicgate Isgatewhichhasoneormorethanone inputsbutwithonlyoneoutputand logic
gatesarereferredtoswitch
FORM5CHAPTER5RADIOACTIVITY
Radioisotopes Isunstablesubstancewhichhassameprotonnumberbutdifferentnucleonnumber
Radioactivity Is the spontaneous and random disintegration of unstable substance to become
stablenucleusbyemittingradiationsandhugeenergy
Spontaneous Meanshappenautomaticallyby itselfwithouttriggeredbyanyexternalsource like
temperatureorpressure
Random Meansthereisnowaytotellwhichradioisotopewillundergothedecayprocessand
whenitwillhappen
Halflife Isthetimetakenforhalfoftheradioactivesubstancetodisintegrateordecay
Whatisalpha
Alphaisheliumparticle Range0fewcm(canbestoppedbypaper)highionizingpower(canchangethestructureof)
positiveheavychargewithsmalldeflectiontoward
negativeplate
deflectupfromthemagneticfield
lowpenetratingpower
movesstraightin
Whatisbeta Betaisafastmovingelectronbeam Range0fewm(canbestoppedbyaluminiumfoil)
mediumionizingpowerandpenetratingpower
negativelightchargewithbigdeflectiontoward
positiveplate
deflectdownfromthemagneticfield
Whatisgamma Gammaisanenergeticelectromagneticray Range0fewhundredm
(canbestoppedonlybylead)
lowionizingpower
veryhighpenetratingpower(killthe.)nochargeandnodeflectionneitherinelectricfield
normagneticfield
http://edu.joshuatly.com/http://fb.me/edu.joshuatl
-
7/27/2019 Nota Padat Fizik SMK Merbau Miri
11/37
11
PHYSICSTERM DEFINITION EXAMPLE/QUESTION
Nuclearfusion is the combining of two lighter nuclei to form a heavier nucleus, releasing a vast
amountofenergyduringtheprocess
Nuclearfission isthesplittingofaheavynucleusintotwolighternucleiafterthenucleusofanatom
isbombardedwithaneutronwith the releaseofa largeamountofenergyduring
theprocess.
EnergynBaKrUn 10142
56
91
36
235
92
1
0 3
Chainreaction isaselfsustainingreaction inwhichtheproductsofareactioncan initiateanother
similar reaction. For instance, as uranium atoms continue to split, a significant
amountofenergy isreleasedduringeachreaction.Theheatreleased isharnessed
andusedtogenerateelectricalenergy.
Theprocessisexpandingandnonstopasthenumberof
neutronskeepsonmultiplyingwithtime
http://edu.joshuatly.com/http://fb.me/edu.joshuatl
-
7/27/2019 Nota Padat Fizik SMK Merbau Miri
12/37
-
7/27/2019 Nota Padat Fizik SMK Merbau Miri
13/37
-
7/27/2019 Nota Padat Fizik SMK Merbau Miri
14/37
-
7/27/2019 Nota Padat Fizik SMK Merbau Miri
15/37
15
PART3:QUESTIONANSWERORIENTATED[SELECTEDTOPICS]
1 Diagram1.1showsanverniercallipers.
ZMainscale
Vernierscale
10 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
0 105 6 7 8 91 2 3 4
Diagram1.1(a) Namethephysicalquantitybeingmeasuredbyverniercalipers.
Diameter
(b) (i) NamethepartlabeledZ.Tail
(ii) StatethefunctionofpartZ.Tomeasurethedepth
(c) Whatisthesensitivityoftheverniercalipers?0.01cm
(d) Nameonemeasuring instrumentwhich ismoresensitivethanvernier
calipers.Micrometerscrewgauge
(e) Diagram1.2showsthereadingoftheverniercaliperswhenthejawsis
closed.
Diagram1.2
BasedonDiagram1.2:
(i) Namethetypeoferroroccurred.Zeroerror
(ii) Statethevalueoftheerror.Valueis0.03cm [Remember:Negativereadfrombehind]
2 Diagram 2.1 shows a student taking the reading of thermometer at three
differentpositions,P,QandR.
Diagram2.1
(a) Namethephysicalquantitybeingmeasuredbythermometer.Temperature
(b) Whatisthetypeofphysicalquantityyounamein2(a)?Tickthecorrect
answerintheboxprovided.
Scalarquantity
Vectorquantity
(c) What isthesmallestscaledivisionofthescaleofthethermometer in
Diagram2.1?
0.1C
(d) What isthecorrectpositionofthestudenttotakethereadingofthe
scaleofthermometer?AtpositionQ
(e) What is the reading of the thermometer based on your position in
2(d)?28.7C
(f) Explainwhythemercuryisusedinthermometer?
Itissensitivetotheheat.Itdoesnotsticktothewallofcapillarytubeinthermometer.
Itissensitivetowiderangeoftemperature.
Itisagoodheatconductor
(g) Nameoneprincipleinvolvedforthemeasuringofthermometer.Thermalequilibriumconcept
(h) Stateawaytoincreasethesensitivityofthermometerbeingmade?Makethecapillarytubenarrowerwiththinnerstem.
(i) Nameatypeoferrorduetothewrongpositioningofeyesduringscale
reading.Parallaxerror
http://edu.joshuatly.com/http://fb.me/edu.joshuatl
-
7/27/2019 Nota Padat Fizik SMK Merbau Miri
16/37
16
3 Diagram3.1showsanimageisformedbyacurvedmirror.
Diagram3.1
(a) Namethelightphenomenoninvolved.Reflection
(b) NamethetypeofmirrorasshowninDiagram3.1.
Convexmirror
(c) (i) CompletetheraydiagraminDiagram3.2toshowtheformation
ofimage.
Diagram3.2
Answer
(ii) Stateonecharacteristicoftheimageformed.Upright//Diminished//Virtual
(d) StateoneuseofthismirrorindailylifeAsmirroratsharpcornerofroad//parkingarea
Asmirrorinsidethesupermarkettoviewunwantedactivitiesofshoplifter
(e) Whythismirrorisusedin3(d)insteadofothertypesofmirrors?
Haswiderviewofvision
(f) Whathappentothesizeof imageiftheobjectisplacednearertothemirror?Sizeofimageincreases
4 (g) Explainhow touseaconcavemirror toheatupwater inacontainer
usingsolarenergy.1st:concavemirrorcanreflecttheparallelsunlight.
2nd:Thereflectedraysareconvergingtofocalpoint
3rd:Thefocalpointisplacedwiththewatertobeheated
(h) Diagram3.3 showsa microscope.You are given twoconvex lensesP
andQ,withfocal lengthsof20cmand5cmrespectively.Bothofthelensesareusedtobuildamicroscope.
Diagram3.3
Whatismeantbyfocallength?FocallengthisthedistancebetweenthecentreoflenswiththeprincipalF.
Using an appropriate physics concept, suggest and explain suitable
modifications to enable the microscope to form brighter and clear
image.Yourmodificationscanbeemphasizedonthefollowingaspects:
Theselectionoflensasobjectivelensandasaneyepiece Thediameterofthelens
Thedistancebetweentheobjectivelensandeyepiece
Conditionoftheplacetostorethemicroscope
.Additionalcomponenttothemicroscope
AnswerSuggestion Reason
Shorterfocallengthasobjectivelens
Longerfocallengthaseyepiecelens
Producebigimagemagnification
Diameteroflensmustbebig Morerefractionoflightsandthusthe
imageisbrightandclearq
Distancebetweentheobjectiveand
eyepiecelensmustbebiggerthanthe
sumoffocallengthsofbothlens
Atnormaladjustment
Storethemicroscopeatcoolanddryplace Preventtheactivitiesoffungusonthe
lenses
Installoneconcavemirrorunderneaththe
slaid
Thereflectedrayisconvergingtothe
slaid
http://edu.joshuatly.com/http://fb.me/edu.joshuatl
-
7/27/2019 Nota Padat Fizik SMK Merbau Miri
17/37
17
5 Diagram 5.4 shows an astronomical telescope to be used to view distant
objects.
Diagram5.4
Table5.4showsthecharacteristicsoffourdifferenttelescopes.
Telescope Typeof
lens
Focallengthof
objectivelens
Poweroflens Diameterof
lens
S Convex 40 10 5.0
T Concave 10 40 5.0
U Convex 10 40 2.5
V Concave 40 10 2.5Explainthesuitabilityofeachcharacteristicofthetelescopeanddetermine
the most suitable telescope to be used to observe very far object. Give
reasonforyourchoice.
AnswerCharacteristics Reason
Useconvexlens Thelightisconvergingtoonepoint
Focallengthofobjectivelensmustbebig Toviewdistantobject
Poweroflensisbig Toproducebigmagnificationofimage
Diameteroflensmustbebig More refraction of lights and thus the
imageisbrighterandclearer
So,thetelescopeS ischosenbecause itusesconvex lens,focal lengthoftheobjective lens is
long,powerofthelensisbigandthediameterofthelensisbig.
6 Diagram6.1andDiagram6.2showtwoidenticalobjectslocatedatdifferent
positions infrontof identicalconvex lens.Real imageswithdifferentheight
areproduced.
Diagram6.1
Diagram6.2
(a) Whatismeantbyfocallength?FocallengthisthedistancebetweenthecentreoflenswithitsprincipalF.
(b) UsingDiagram6.1andDiagram6.2,compare;
(i) Thefocallengthofthelens.Boththelenseshavethesamefocallength.
(ii) Theobjectdistance,u1andu2.
u1isshorterthanu2.
(iii) Theheightofimage,h1andh2.h1islongerthanh2.
(iv) State the relationship between the object distance and the
heightofimage.Shortertheobjectdistance,longertheheightofimage.
(v) Name the light phenomenon that occurs in Diagram 6.1 and
Diagram6.2.
Refraction(c) Diagram6.3showsanobject,Oplacedatthefrontofaconcavelensof
focallength2cm.Thelightraysoftheobjectpassingthroughthelens
usingthelightphenomenonin6(b)(ii).
Diagram6.3
(i) Sketchraydiagramoftheobjecttoshowanimageisformed.
(ii) Statethreecharacteristicsoftheimageformed.Upright//Diminished//Virtual
(iii) Stateoneuseofconcavelens.Tomakespectaclelens
http://edu.joshuatly.com/http://fb.me/edu.joshuatl
-
7/27/2019 Nota Padat Fizik SMK Merbau Miri
18/37
-
7/27/2019 Nota Padat Fizik SMK Merbau Miri
19/37
-
7/27/2019 Nota Padat Fizik SMK Merbau Miri
20/37
-
7/27/2019 Nota Padat Fizik SMK Merbau Miri
21/37
-
7/27/2019 Nota Padat Fizik SMK Merbau Miri
22/37
-
7/27/2019 Nota Padat Fizik SMK Merbau Miri
23/37
-
7/27/2019 Nota Padat Fizik SMK Merbau Miri
24/37
-
7/27/2019 Nota Padat Fizik SMK Merbau Miri
25/37
-
7/27/2019 Nota Padat Fizik SMK Merbau Miri
26/37
-
7/27/2019 Nota Padat Fizik SMK Merbau Miri
27/37
-
7/27/2019 Nota Padat Fizik SMK Merbau Miri
28/37
-
7/27/2019 Nota Padat Fizik SMK Merbau Miri
29/37
-
7/27/2019 Nota Padat Fizik SMK Merbau Miri
30/37
21 Diagram21.1showsabrightspot,M,formedonthescreenonthecathode CalculatethevalueofthevoltageshownbyN.
-
7/27/2019 Nota Padat Fizik SMK Merbau Miri
31/37
31
rayoscilloscope,CRO,whenitisswitchedon.
Diagram21.1
(a) Whatisthemeaningofcathoderay?Cathoderayisafastmovingelectronbeam
(b) Whatisthemeaningofthermionicemission?Thermionic emission is the process of releasing electrons from a heated cathode
surface.
(c) Nametheparticlethatproducesthebrightspot,M,whenithitsthe
fluorescentscreenoftheCRO.
Electron
(d) Explainhowtoproduceabrightspot,MonthescreenofCRO?Thed.cvoltageissuppliedtotheCROwiththetimebaseissetoff.
(e) Diagram21.2showsthebrightspot,Nwhenadirectcurrentd.c.supply
isconnectedtotheYinputoftheCRO.
Diagram21.2TheYgainoftheCRO issetat5V/divisionwiththetimebase isset
off.
Valueofvoltage=5Vperdivision2divisions
=10V
(f) TheCROinDiagram21.2isconnectedtoalternatingcurrentsupply,a.c
andthetimebaseissetoff.
On Diagram 21.3 below, sketch the output waveform that will be
displayedonthescreen.
Diagram21.3Answer
(g) StateonecommonfunctionofCRO.To display waveform//To measure short time interval// To measure thepotential
difference
(h) Diagram 21.4 and Diagram 21.5 show two circuits which consist of
identicalammeters,drycellsandsemiconductordiodes.
Diagram21.4 Diagram21.5
(1) Nameanexampleofpuresemiconductormaterial.Silicon
(2) ExplainthedifferenceinthereadingsoftheammetersThecurrentflowisinforwardbiasinDiagram21.4causesanammeterreading
butnoreading inDiagram21.4duetothereverseofdiodewhichhasblocked
thecurrentflow(3) Basedontheanswerin(h)(2),statethefunctionofdiode.
Toallowtheflowofcurrentinonedirectiononly
http://edu.joshuatly.com/http://fb.me/edu.joshuatl
-
7/27/2019 Nota Padat Fizik SMK Merbau Miri
32/37
23 Diagram 23.1 and Diagram 23.2 shows water waves passing through the
t f t diff t h b
(i) Namethephenomenoninvolved.Refraction
-
7/27/2019 Nota Padat Fizik SMK Merbau Miri
33/37
33
entranceoftwodifferentharbours.
Diagram23.1 Diagram23.2
(a) Namethetypeofwaveofwaterwave.Transversewave
(b)
(i)
Namethephenomenoninvolvedinbothdiagrams.Diffraction
(ii) What will happen to the frequency, wavelength and speed of
waveafterpassingthroughthegap?Frequency :unchanged
Wavelength :unchanged
Speedofwave:unchanged
(c) BetweenDiagram23.1andDiagram23.2,whichoneshowstheobvious
diffractioneffect?Explainwhy?
Diagram23.1showsobviousdiffractioneffect.Becausethesizeofgapislessthanthewavelengthofthewave
(d) BetweenDiagram23.1andDiagram23.2,whichoneshowsthebigger
energywaveenteringthegap?Diagram23.2
(e) Diagram23.3showsthewavesenteringtwodifferentmediums.
Diagram23.3
Refraction
(ii) What will happen to the frequency, wavelength and speed of
waveafterpassingthroughthegap?Frequency:unchanged
Wavelength:decreases
Speedofwave:decreases
(iii) CompletethewavepatterninDiagram23.3.
Deep areaKawasan dalam
Shallow areaKawasan cetek
(f) Diagram23.4showsadriverthatisdrivingunderahotsun,seesapool
of water appearing on the road ahead, but the pool of water
disappearsasthecarapproachesit.
Diagram23.4
(i) Namethisnaturalphenomenonasobservedbythedriver.Mirage
(ii) Statethephysicsconceptthatisinvolvedinthisphenomenon.Totalinternalreflection
(iii) When light rays propagates from a denser medium to a less
dense medium, state what happen to the direction of the
refractedrays.Refractedawayfromnormal
(iv) Stateoneapplicationofthisphenomenon.Opticalfibre
http://edu.joshuatly.com/http://fb.me/edu.joshuatl
PAPER3EXPERIMENTS
1 DEPTH WITH PRESSURE
ANSWER
(a) The water pressure is influenced by the depth of water
-
7/27/2019 Nota Padat Fizik SMK Merbau Miri
34/37
34
1 DEPTHWITHPRESSUREDiagram 1.1 shows a scuba diving in a sea notices that the water pressureacted on his eardrums is greater when he dives at greater depth.
Diagram 1.1Based on your knowledge of the pressure and observation above:(a) State one suitable inference. [1 mark]
(b) State one suitable hypothesis. [1 mark]
(c) With the use of apparatus such as thistle funnel, a manometer and otherapparatus, describe an experiment framework to investigate thehypothesis stated in 1(b).In your description, state clearly the following:
(i) Aim of the experiment
(ii) Variables in the experiment
(iii) List of apparatus and materials
(iv) Arrangement of the apparatus and materials
(v) The procedure of the experiment which include the method of
controlling the manipulated variable and the method of measuringthe responding variable
(vi) The way you would tabulate the data
(vii) The way you would analyse the data [10 marks]
(a) Thewaterpressureisinfluencedbythedepthofwater
(b) Whenthedepthofwaterincreases,itswaterpressureincreasesalso
(c) (i) Tofindtherelationshipbetweenthedepthwiththewaterpressure
(ii) ManipulatedVariable:depthofwaterRespondingVariable:waterpressure
ConstantVariable:densityofwater(iii) Apparatus:Metre rule,manometer,water, rubber tube,measuringcylinder,
thistlefunnel,rubbersheet
Materials:water
(iv)
OperationalDefinitions:
Thedepthofwaterismeasuredusingmetrerule
Thewaterpressureismeasuredfromdifferenceheightbetweenthecolumn
ofwaterinmanometermeasuredusingmetrerule
(v) The experiment is started by lowering the thistle funnel into the water to
depth,x=2cm.Thereadingofdifferenceinheightofwatercolumn,h,ofthemanometerisrecorded.
Theprocedureisrepeatedwiththedepthsof4cm,6cm,8cm,10cmand12
cmandtherespective readingof themanometerare readrespectively from
metrerule.
(vi) Depth x/cm Differenceinheightofcolumn,h/cm2
4
6
8
10
12
(vii) Agraphofdifferenceinheightofwatercolumnagainstthedepthisplotted.
http://edu.joshuatly.com/http://fb.me/edu.joshuatl
2 DENSITYOFLIQUIDWITHPRESSUREDiagram 2 1 shows a scuba diving in a sea notices that the water pressure
ANSWER
(a) The water pressure is influenced by the density of water
-
7/27/2019 Nota Padat Fizik SMK Merbau Miri
35/37
35
Diagram 2.1 shows a scuba diving in a sea notices that the water pressureacted on his eardrums is greater compared to fresh water at same depth.
Diagram 2.1Based on observation above:(a) State one suitable inference. [1 mark]
(b) State one suitable hypothesis. [1 mark]
(c) With the use of apparatus such as thistle funnel, salts, a manometer andother apparatus, describe an experiment framework to investigate thehypothesis stated in 2(b).In your description, state clearly the following:
(i) Aim of the experiment
(ii) Variables in the experiment
(iii) List of apparatus and materials
(iv) Arrangement of the apparatus and materials
(v) The procedure of the experiment which include the method ofcontrolling the manipulated variable and the method of measuringthe responding variable
(vi) The way you would tabulate the data
(vii) The way you would analyse the data [10 marks]
(a) Thewaterpressureisinfluencedbythedensityofwater
(b) Whenthedensityofwaterincreases,itswaterpressureincreasesalso
(c) (i) Tofindtherelationshipbetweenthedensityofliquidwiththewaterpressure
(ii) ManipulatedVariable:densityofwaterRespondingVariable:waterpressure
ConstantVariable:depthofthistlefunnelimmersed(iii) Apparatus:Metre rule,manometer,water, rubber tube,measuringcylinder,
thistlefunnel,rubbersheet
Materials:water,salts
(iv)
OperationalDefinitions:
Thedepthofthistlefunnelisfixedat10cm.
Thewaterpressureismeasuredfromdifferenceheightbetweenthecolumn
ofwaterinmanometermeasuredusingmetrerule
Densityofwaterisdeterminedfromthemassofsaltsdissolved
(v) Theexperimentisstartedbydissolving200gofsaltintothewaterwithfixedvolumeofV.Thethistlefunnelimmersedintothewatertodepth10cm.The
reading of difference in height of water column, h, of the manometer is
recorded.
Theprocedure isrepeatedwiththeamountofsaltdissolvedof400g, 600g,
800g and 1000g and the respective reading of the manometer are read
respectivelyfrommetrerule.
(vi) Amountofsalt,m/g
Differenceinheightofcolumn,h/cm
200
400
600
800
1000
(vii) Agraphofdifferenceinheightofwatercolumnagainstthemassofsaltisplotted.
http://edu.joshuatly.com/http://fb.me/edu.joshuatl
3 DEPTH WITH READING OF SPRING BALANCE (BUOYANT FORCE)Diagram 3.1 shows a boy lifted up a rock in the sea water.
ANSWER
(a) Theimmersedistanceaffectsthebuoyantforce
-
7/27/2019 Nota Padat Fizik SMK Merbau Miri
36/37
36
g y pDiagram 3.2 shows the boy lifted up the rock at the surface of the sea water.He feels much heavier than before.
Diagram 10.1 Diagram 10.2Based on your knowledge of the buoyant force and observation above:(a) State one suitable inference. [1 mark]
(b) State one suitable hypothesis. [1 mark]
(c) With the use of apparatus such as tall beaker, spring balance, a metalrod and other apparatus, describe an experiment framework toinvestigate the hypothesis stated in 3(b).In your description, state clearly the following:
(i) Aim of the experiment
(ii) Variables in the experiment
(iii) List of apparatus and materials
(iv) Arrangement of the apparatus and materials
(v) The procedure of the experiment which include the method ofcontrolling the manipulated variable and the method of measuringthe responding variable
(vi) The way you would tabulate the data
(vii) The way you would analyse the data [10 marks]
(a) y
(b) Whentheimmersedistanceincreases,itsbuoyantforceincreasesalso
(c) (i) Tofindtherelationshipbetweentheimmersedistancewiththebuoyantforce
(ii) ManipulatedVariable:immersedistanceRespondingVariable:buoyantforce(decreaseinspringbalancereading)
ConstantVariable:densityofwater(iii) Apparatus:springbalance,beaker,metrerule,load
Materials:string,tapwater
(iv)
Operationaldefinition
TheimmersedistanceismeasuredusingmetreruleThebuoyantforceismeasuredfromthedecreaseinspringbalancereading
(readinginairreadinginwater)
(v) Theexperimentisstartedbyimmersingtheloadintothewatertoadepthof,d=2cmandthebuoyantforceactingtothewoodenblockcanbecountedby
thechangesinthereadingofspringbalance,F1isrecorded.
Theexperimentisthenrepeatedbyimmersingtheloadtodepthof4cm,6
cm,8cm,10cmand12cmandtherespectivechangesinthereadingofspring
balance,Farerecorded.
(vi) Immersedepth,d/cm Buoyantforce,F/N
2
4
6
8
10
12
(vii) Agraphofbuoyantforceagainsttheimmersedistanceisplotted.
http://edu.joshuatly.com/http://fb.me/edu.joshuatl
-
7/27/2019 Nota Padat Fizik SMK Merbau Miri
37/37