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Non Living ResourcesCapacity Building
- Challenges and Opportunities -
UNICPOLOS XI, New York from 21 to 25 June 2010
Cristelle PrattSuva FIJI
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Pacific Islands Region : Europe
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Vital Statistics
550 000 km2
[93 500km2]Land[excluding Papua New Guinea]
30 million km2
[27 million km2]EEZ
55 : 1
290 : 1Ocean : Land[excluding Papua New Guinea]
9.85 million people0.1 % worlds population
[6.7 million people]
500 Islands
[excluding Papua New Guinea]
Volcanic IslandsCoral Atolls
7 500 Islands
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The Opportunities of ResourcesMarine Minerals
Manganese nodules – deep water
Ni-Co Crusts – deep water, seamounts
Hydrothermal deposits – back arc basins
Placer deposits – river and delta systems
Sand & Gravel Hydrocarbons – continental shelves, sedimentary Basins
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deep-sea mineral deposits
back –arc spreading
islandarc
trench
oceanic ridge spreading
Subduction2,000-3,000m water depth
hydrothermal deposits(Cu, Pb, Zn, Au, Ag)
manganese nodule deposits(Mn, Ni, Cu, Co)
ocean floor
4,000-6,000m water depth
seamounts
cobalt-rich crusts(Co, Mn, Ni, Pt)
800-2,000m water depth
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marine scientific research
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(MMAJ Mineral Atlas, 2005)
Pacific – Japan Cooperationmarine scientific research surveys 1985 - 2004
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Some known deposit areas
EPR
CCZ
CO
KI
MHFSM
MAR
Pacific Islands Ocean Region
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Marine mineral occurrences within the Pacific Islands Region
marine mineral occurrences in the Pacific
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10
exploration - tenement holdings
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(Nautilus Minerals Inc, 2008)Pacific Islands Ocean Region
industry potential
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potential benefits of marine miningBENEFITS to Host Country and Region
Wealth worth millions of dollars will be generatedA fair share shall be returned to government and the people through tax revenues, royalty and employmentMining revenue will enable government to stimulate other economic sectorsIndirectly supporting local economic activitiesContribute to a well educated labour forceIncrease labour mobility
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specific issues and challengesExploration and Marine Mining
Absence of specific policy, legislation & regulationsLack of resources and technical skills
Potentially large revenue streamsRequirement for robust financial systems
EIA uncertainty – limited understanding of deep sea ecosystemsLocal communities concerns of marine mining (e.g. PNG)
Use of mobile platforms and other technologies
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capacity challenges LIMITED Economic and Human Resources
WEAK institutionslegal and policy arrangements
FEW legal and ocean governance specialistsNO research vesselsFEW research institutionsFEW regional “marine” scientists
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opportunities to address challenges
Research, Development & Management
Clarify role and responsibilities, for improved ocean governance & policy coordination and, facilitate implementation (cooperation & collaboration)Strengthen MSR coordinationDevelop a transparent legal, regulatory and fiscal framework to control/regulate and adjust revenue streams Develop environmental policies, regulations and guidelines to control/regulate exploration and miningDevelop “targeted” capacity building initiatives, for purposeAdopt regional approaches where relevant – to achieve economies of scale example, develop “model” agreements for adaptation at national level; design and develop regional and national databasesUrge international organisations (e.g. ISBA, UN-DOALOS, ComSec)to take an active role in supporting Pacific States
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goal - sustainable development
•Baseline Data and Information•Policy and Legislation•Trained Personnel•Sustainable Yield•Monitoring / Review•Economies of Scale
•Regional Cooperation•Transparency
•Clear Guidelines
CONCEPT
Sustainable Development
REALITY
SustainableManagement
ENABLING FACTORS
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recommendations
• Consider the implications of the growing interest in offshore minerals as demonstrated by the increasing numbers of applications lodgedwith Pacific governments to acquire ground within their Exclusive Economic Zones, and the lack of adequate offshore mineral policies and, or regulatory frameworks to protect their national interests.
• Strongly urge international and regional organisations to support developing costal States to coordinate the development and implementation of appropriate and effective legal and technical policy and regulatory frameworks.
• Ensure targeted capacity building at policy, institutional, legal and technical levels of developing coastal States that results in effective exploration and mining which leads to sustainable management of NLR marine resources and the equitable sharing of benefits.