![Page 1: No Li 130374 130386 130388 130389 No Li 47 mg 5 mg/s 10 mg/s](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022110208/56649db95503460f94aaa158/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
No Li
130374130386130388130389
No Li47 mg5 mg/s10 mg/s
![Page 2: No Li 130374 130386 130388 130389 No Li 47 mg 5 mg/s 10 mg/s](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022110208/56649db95503460f94aaa158/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
![Page 3: No Li 130374 130386 130388 130389 No Li 47 mg 5 mg/s 10 mg/s](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022110208/56649db95503460f94aaa158/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
![Page 4: No Li 130374 130386 130388 130389 No Li 47 mg 5 mg/s 10 mg/s](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022110208/56649db95503460f94aaa158/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: No Li 130374 130386 130388 130389 No Li 47 mg 5 mg/s 10 mg/s](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022110208/56649db95503460f94aaa158/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
• All eleven shots technically successful – small timing problem
• Ramp-ups and square wave temporal profiles employed
• Rates from 1 mg/s to ~ 35 mg/s employed
• NSTX much more tolerant of Li powder than expected
• Total of 82 mg injected during 11 shots
• Not a great day for NSTX reproducibility or documentation
• 3 - 5 shots have some scientific merit
• Observed significant decrease in D and ELMs
• Timing and location of deposition appeared to be important
XP-828 Initial Results and Observations
![Page 6: No Li 130374 130386 130388 130389 No Li 47 mg 5 mg/s 10 mg/s](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022110208/56649db95503460f94aaa158/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Extra Slides
![Page 7: No Li 130374 130386 130388 130389 No Li 47 mg 5 mg/s 10 mg/s](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022110208/56649db95503460f94aaa158/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: No Li 130374 130386 130388 130389 No Li 47 mg 5 mg/s 10 mg/s](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022110208/56649db95503460f94aaa158/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Prototype Acoustic Resonance Dropper Can Drop from 0.3 mg up to Much-Too-Much Powder (Li Surrogate)
Velocity at SOL = 4.5 m/sec
Powder Injector
![Page 9: No Li 130374 130386 130388 130389 No Li 47 mg 5 mg/s 10 mg/s](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022110208/56649db95503460f94aaa158/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
to Vac Pump
1.0 m
2 ¾ Gate Valve
Laser Scattering Module
Drop Chamber
Bracing½ O.D. StainlessTubing
Pyrex Tube 2 ½ O.D.
Glass Funnelw Long Stem
to Vac Pump
Existing Computerized Laboratory Test Facility
![Page 10: No Li 130374 130386 130388 130389 No Li 47 mg 5 mg/s 10 mg/s](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022110208/56649db95503460f94aaa158/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
New Umbrella Throttle Seems to Work More Reliably Than Old Simple Throttle Design – Higher Fluxes
Simple Throttle Umbrella Throttle
HigherReliableParticle Flow
Li Powder
Li Powder
(~ 3 mg/s)
![Page 11: No Li 130374 130386 130388 130389 No Li 47 mg 5 mg/s 10 mg/s](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022110208/56649db95503460f94aaa158/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 160
2
4
8
10
12
14
6
RMS Voltage (Volts)
Mas
s F
lux
(mg/
s)
Lithium Particle Flux is an Approximately Linear Functionof Resonant Voltage Applied to the Piezoelectric Membrane
![Page 12: No Li 130374 130386 130388 130389 No Li 47 mg 5 mg/s 10 mg/s](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022110208/56649db95503460f94aaa158/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Sca
tter
ed L
aser
Sig
nal (
A.U
.)
Time (s)
0.5 V: 0.4 mg/s
1.0 V: 0.7 mg/s
2.0 V: 1.5 mg/s
3.0 V: 2.2 mg/s
8.0 V: 5.8 mg/s
Laser Scattered Signal Reproducibility is Fairly Good However, Signal Saturates at 2 - 4 mg/s (3 - 5 Vrms)
![Page 13: No Li 130374 130386 130388 130389 No Li 47 mg 5 mg/s 10 mg/s](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022110208/56649db95503460f94aaa158/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.091
0.01
NewVolts
6.9
NewVolts2
6.9
NewScat 0.003
NewScat2
10 Time0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.00
Time (s)
RM
S V
olta
ge (
Vol
ts)
0
2
4
8
6
Scattered Laser S
ignal (A.U
.)
Two Arbitrary Waveforms: Ramp-Ups (4 & 8 Volts Max)Laser Scattered Signal Saturates at 2 - 4 mg/s (3 - 5 Vrms)
6 mg/s
3mg/s
![Page 14: No Li 130374 130386 130388 130389 No Li 47 mg 5 mg/s 10 mg/s](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022110208/56649db95503460f94aaa158/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.091
0.01
NewVolts
6.9
NewScat 0.000
10 Time0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.00
Time (s)
RM
S V
olta
ge (
Vol
ts)
0
2
4
8
6
Scattered Laser S
ignal (A.U
.)
6 mg/s
Arbitrary Waveform: Ramp-Down (8 Volts Max) Same Laser Scattering Saturation Observed
![Page 15: No Li 130374 130386 130388 130389 No Li 47 mg 5 mg/s 10 mg/s](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022110208/56649db95503460f94aaa158/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4
RM
S V
olta
ge (
Vol
ts)
0
4
8
12
Time (s)
Scattered Laser S
ignal (A.U
.)
6 mg/s
An Arbitary Waveform: With Some Modifications Might “Tweek” ELMS
![Page 16: No Li 130374 130386 130388 130389 No Li 47 mg 5 mg/s 10 mg/s](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022110208/56649db95503460f94aaa158/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
“Early” Li Can be Preferentially Directed to Lower Divertor
Pre-Pulse of Lithium for50 ms (~ 100 Oscillations)850 ms Before Breakdown
Small Plasma Initiatedon the Center StackFlux Plot Shown Just After Breakdown
![Page 17: No Li 130374 130386 130388 130389 No Li 47 mg 5 mg/s 10 mg/s](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022110208/56649db95503460f94aaa158/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
The Two Plasmas to be Used in XP 828
129019 129059
![Page 18: No Li 130374 130386 130388 130389 No Li 47 mg 5 mg/s 10 mg/s](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022110208/56649db95503460f94aaa158/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
XP828 Shot No.
Droppermg/s (Max)
TemporalProfile
Total Lithium
(mg)HeGDC (min)
Ref #1 0 N/A 0 6
Ref #2 0 N/A 0 6
Ref #3 0 N/A 0 6
1 3 A 2 6
2 6 A 6 6
3 12 A 12 6
4 12 or TBD A 24 6
5 12 or TBD B 36 6
6 12 or TBD B 48 6
7 12 or TBD B 60 6
8 12 or TBD B 72 6
9 12 or TBD C 84 6
10 12 or TBD C 96 6
11 12 or TBD C 108 6
12 8 TBD 116 6
13 10 TBD 126 6
14 12 TBD 138 6
15 14 TBD 152 6
------- ------- -------- ------- -------
![Page 19: No Li 130374 130386 130388 130389 No Li 47 mg 5 mg/s 10 mg/s](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022110208/56649db95503460f94aaa158/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: No Li 130374 130386 130388 130389 No Li 47 mg 5 mg/s 10 mg/s](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022110208/56649db95503460f94aaa158/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Pla
sma
Cur
rent
Time (sec)
Li F
lux
0 1
Pre-programmed Flux Profile Must be Injected ~ 450 ms Before Plasma Breakdown
450 ms
![Page 21: No Li 130374 130386 130388 130389 No Li 47 mg 5 mg/s 10 mg/s](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022110208/56649db95503460f94aaa158/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 80
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0
NewDiff
1.05 Fit X_v( )
80 Volt X_v
![Page 22: No Li 130374 130386 130388 130389 No Li 47 mg 5 mg/s 10 mg/s](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022110208/56649db95503460f94aaa158/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 160
2
4
8
10
12
14
6
![Page 23: No Li 130374 130386 130388 130389 No Li 47 mg 5 mg/s 10 mg/s](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022110208/56649db95503460f94aaa158/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
BT = 0.5 T
Ip = 800 kA
PRINCETON PLASMA PHYSICS LABORATORY
PPPL
Purpose : Study ELM Suppression by in situ Modification of NSTX Plasma Surface Interaction: Li on Graphite
R/a = 1.46
Lower Single Null
PNBI = 4 MW
Type 1 ELMS
Lithium Evaporators with Shutters
H. Kugel P2-58
B treated Graphite
2
![Page 24: No Li 130374 130386 130388 130389 No Li 47 mg 5 mg/s 10 mg/s](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022110208/56649db95503460f94aaa158/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: No Li 130374 130386 130388 130389 No Li 47 mg 5 mg/s 10 mg/s](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022110208/56649db95503460f94aaa158/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: No Li 130374 130386 130388 130389 No Li 47 mg 5 mg/s 10 mg/s](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022110208/56649db95503460f94aaa158/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: No Li 130374 130386 130388 130389 No Li 47 mg 5 mg/s 10 mg/s](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022110208/56649db95503460f94aaa158/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
![Page 28: No Li 130374 130386 130388 130389 No Li 47 mg 5 mg/s 10 mg/s](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022110208/56649db95503460f94aaa158/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: No Li 130374 130386 130388 130389 No Li 47 mg 5 mg/s 10 mg/s](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022110208/56649db95503460f94aaa158/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
![Page 30: No Li 130374 130386 130388 130389 No Li 47 mg 5 mg/s 10 mg/s](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022110208/56649db95503460f94aaa158/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
![Page 31: No Li 130374 130386 130388 130389 No Li 47 mg 5 mg/s 10 mg/s](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022110208/56649db95503460f94aaa158/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Velocity at SOL = 4.5 m/sec
Powder Injector
![Page 32: No Li 130374 130386 130388 130389 No Li 47 mg 5 mg/s 10 mg/s](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022110208/56649db95503460f94aaa158/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Dropper byAcoustic Resonance
VerticalInjection by AcousticResonance
HorizontalInjection byPZT Fan
![Page 33: No Li 130374 130386 130388 130389 No Li 47 mg 5 mg/s 10 mg/s](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022110208/56649db95503460f94aaa158/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
100 m
Resonating Piezoelectric Disk
SLMP Li Powder
ResonantLevitation
ResonantDropping
= ± 0.5 mm~ 5 lbs
![Page 34: No Li 130374 130386 130388 130389 No Li 47 mg 5 mg/s 10 mg/s](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022110208/56649db95503460f94aaa158/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
0,1 Mode 290 Hz
0,2 Mode 2 kHz
0,3 Mode
Modes of the Vibrating Piezoelectric Drumhead
![Page 35: No Li 130374 130386 130388 130389 No Li 47 mg 5 mg/s 10 mg/s](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022110208/56649db95503460f94aaa158/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
0,2 Mode of Piezoelectric Disk with Glass Beads – 2 KHz
![Page 36: No Li 130374 130386 130388 130389 No Li 47 mg 5 mg/s 10 mg/s](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022110208/56649db95503460f94aaa158/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
0,2 Node of Piezoelectric Disk with Glass Beads – 2 KHz
![Page 37: No Li 130374 130386 130388 130389 No Li 47 mg 5 mg/s 10 mg/s](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022110208/56649db95503460f94aaa158/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
30 mil
Scale 20:1
Throttle: ¼ - 28 Screw
Piezoelectric Membrane
(0,2) Node
3.5 mg/s0.3 mg/s
100 - 300 mg/s
g
Fixed LevelInside Node
N.B. 30mil Gap:15 particles high20 particles wide
O-Ring
100 mil
![Page 38: No Li 130374 130386 130388 130389 No Li 47 mg 5 mg/s 10 mg/s](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022110208/56649db95503460f94aaa158/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
ResonantDropping
Resonating Piezoelectric Disk
ResonantLevitation
25 mm
(0,2) Mode
Dusting ofGlass SpheresLevitated from Center of Mode
Throttle used to force Particles to drop throughHole in piezo membrane
![Page 39: No Li 130374 130386 130388 130389 No Li 47 mg 5 mg/s 10 mg/s](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022110208/56649db95503460f94aaa158/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Dropper byAcoustic Resonance
VerticalInjection by AcousticResonance
HorizontalInjection byPZT Fan
(or by RotatingWheel)
![Page 40: No Li 130374 130386 130388 130389 No Li 47 mg 5 mg/s 10 mg/s](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022110208/56649db95503460f94aaa158/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)