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Professor Andy BuchananUniversity of Canterbury
New Technologies in Timber Buildings
Canterbury Earthquakes Royal Commission
ENG.BUC.0001.1
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Earthquake fundamentals
Design philosophy
Minor earthquake No damage
Moderate Repairable earthquake damage
Big earthquake No deaths. Damage is ok
We have to find a better solution
ENG.BUC.0001.2
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Rebuild for damage resistance
1. Overdesign (expensive)
2. Base isolation
3. Energy dissipation
4. Rocking frames and walls
How do we do this with timber?
ENG.BUC.0001.3
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Old Government Buildings, Wellington, 1870
Why not wood?
We have done it before
ENG.BUC.0001.4
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New Technologies in Timber
Damage to houses and timber buildings
New wood materials
Plywood, LVL, CLT, piles
New fasteners
Epoxy, post-tensioning, screws, rivets
New structural systems
Base isolation, rocking systems
Examples
ENG.BUC.0001.5
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Liquefaction damage
ENG.BUC.0001.6
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Differential settlement
Differential settlement, veneer damage, timber structure OK
ENG.BUC.0001.7
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Vertical accelerations
Roof shaken off
Timber housestructurally safe
ENG.BUC.0001.8
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Internal linings
Gib plasterboard
Provided bracing for most houses
ENG.BUC.0001.9
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Veneer failure
ENG.BUC.0001.10
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Veneer ties
ENG.BUC.0001.11
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Wall bracing failures
ENG.BUC.0001.12
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Old timber building collapse
Before
After
ENG.BUC.0001.13
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Before
Soft storey collapse
After
ENG.BUC.0001.14
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Solid wood houses
Good performance despite differential slab movement
ENG.BUC.0001.15
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Concrete slab floors
Lateral spreading
Differential sinking
No reinforcing
ENG.BUC.0001.16
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Engineered timber buildings
Most performed very well
Lateral spreading of portal bases
ENG.BUC.0001.17
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Shear cracks in column
Engineered timber buildings
ENG.BUC.0001.18
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EXPAN building, UC campus
Engineered timber buildings
No structural damage. Immediate occupancy.
ENG.BUC.0001.19
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New Technologies in Timber
Damage to houses and timber buildings
New wood materials
LVL, CLT, foundation piles
New fasteners
Epoxy, post-tensioning, screws, rivets
New structural systems
Base isolation, rocking systems
Examples
ENG.BUC.0001.20
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LVL - Laminated veneer lumber
Veneers 3mm thick
ENG.BUC.0001.21
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CLT - Cross laminated timber
ENG.BUC.0001.22
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New Technologies in Timber
Damage to houses and timber buildings
New wood materials
LVL, CLT, piles
New fasteners
Epoxy, post-tensioning, screws, rivets
New structural systems
Base isolation, rocking systems
Examples
ENG.BUC.0001.23
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Epoxied steel rods
Robert fairweather
ENG.BUC.0001.24
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Post-tensioned timber frames
Post-tensioning solves the problem of moment connections for heavy timber
ENG.BUC.0001.25
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Post-tensioned timber walls
U
U
U
ENG.BUC.0001.26
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New Technologies in Timber
Damage to houses and timber buildings
New wood materials
LVL, CLT, piles
New fastening techniques
Epoxy, post-tensioning, screws, rivets
New structural systems
Base isolation, rocking systems
Examples
ENG.BUC.0001.27
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Base isolation
L’Aquila, Italy. 2009
ENG.BUC.0001.28
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Base isolation
L’Aquila, Italy. 2009
ENG.BUC.0001.29
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Re-levelable buildings
Light building
Adjustment
Strong foundation
Concrete foundation
ENG.BUC.0001.30
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Light building
Adjustment
Strong foundation
Concrete foundation
Re-levelable buildings
ENG.BUC.0001.31
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Light building
Adjustment
Strong foundation
Concrete foundation
Re-levelable buildings
ENG.BUC.0001.32
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Light building
Adjustment
Strong foundation
Concrete foundation
Re-levelable buildings
ENG.BUC.0001.33
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CLT buildings
7 storey CLT building, London
ENG.BUC.0001.34
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7 storey CLT shake test
ENG.BUC.0001.35
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Light timber frame
ENG.BUC.0001.36
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Light timber frame test
ENG.BUC.0001.37
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Post-tensioned beams
Long spans (draped tendons)
Fewer columns
ENG.BUC.0001.38
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Post-tensioned timber building
ENG.BUC.0001.39
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Post-tensioning
Post-tensioned timber building
ENG.BUC.0001.40
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Post-tensioned timber
ENG.BUC.0001.41
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Post-tensioned timber walls
ENG.BUC.0001.42
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Post-tensioned timber frames
ENG.BUC.0001.43
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9 storeys – London(CLT panels)
International
6 storeys – Switzerland(Light timber frame)
7 storeys – Berlin(Glulam)
ENG.BUC.0001.44
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International
ENG.BUC.0001.45
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Photos of St Elmo, Vic St.
Re-building Christchurch
Sheppard and Rout Architects, Kirk Roberts Engineers
ENG.BUC.0001.46
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Rick Proko Architects, Ruamoko Engineers
Re-building Christchurch
ENG.BUC.0001.47
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Conclusions
New wood materials
LVL, CLT
New fasteners
Epoxy, post-tensioning
New structural systems
Base isolation, rocking systems
Timber solutions are available
ENG.BUC.0001.48