Download - Networking Basics and Cabling
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
1/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Networking Essentials andAwareness of CCNA
By
M.Gomathy NayagamAsst.ProfessorDepartment of Computer Science and EngineeringKalasalingam UniversityAnand Nagar Krishnankoil-626190
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
2/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Contents
What is Network? Why we need Data Network? Networking Devices Network Topology
LAN,MAN,& WAN Layered Approach
ISO/OSI Model TCP/IP Model.
Networking Media
IP Address Design and Planning Router ,CISOC IOS and its Basic Configuration Switching and Basic Configurations CCNA EXAM Overview Opportunities in Networking Career
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
3/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
What is Network?
Communication!
An interconnection ofcomputers and otherdevices:
Printers
Servers (computers)
Scanners
Network Devices
Hubs
Switches
Routers Firewall
Modem
Wired and Wireless
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
4/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Why we need Data Network?
Sharing data through the use of floppy disks is not anefficient or cost-effective manner.
Businesses needed a solution that would successfully
address the following three problems: How to avoid duplication of equipment and resources
How to communicate efficiently
How to set up and manage a network
Businesses realized that networking technology couldincrease productivity while saving money.
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
5/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Networking Devices
Equipment that connects directly to a networksegment is referred to as a device.
These devices are broken up into two classifications.
End-user devices Network devices
End-user devices include computers, printers,scanners, and other devices that provide servicesdirectly to the user.
Network devices include all the devices that connectthe end-user devices together to allow them tocommunicate.
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
6/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Network Interface Card
A network interface card (NIC) is a printed circuit boardthat provides network communication capabilities to andfrom a personal computer. Also called a LAN adapter.
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
7/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Network Interface Card NICs are also called LAN adapters, it
resides in a slot on the motherboardand provides an interface connectionto the network media.
The type of NIC must match the mediaand protocol used on the localnetwork.
NICs communicate with the network
through a serial connection and withthe computer through a parallelconnection.
The NIC uses an I/O address, an IRQ,and upper memory space to work withthe OS.
When selecting a NIC, consider thefollowing: Protocols FDDI, Token Ring, Ethernet
Types of media
twisted pair, coaxial,wireless, fiber. Type of system bus PCI, ISA, EISA
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
8/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
3/22/2012
Ping is a utility used to verify Internet connectivity.
The ping command works by sending multiple IPpackets to a specified destination.
Each packet sent is a request for a reply. The outputresponse for a ping contains the success ratio and
round-trip time to a destination. Ping 127.0.0.1 Called the internal loop back test
and verifies the operation of the TCP/IP stack andNIC card function.
Ping ip address of host Verifies the TCP/IPaddress configuration for the local host andconnectivity to the host.
Pingdefault-gateway IP Verifies whether therouter that connects the local network to othernetworks can be reached.
Pingremote destination IP Verifies connectivityto a remote host.
Testing Internet Connectivity with PING
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
9/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Hub
Connects a group of Hosts
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
10/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Switch
Switches add moreintelligence to data transfermanagement.
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
11/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Router
Routers are used to connect networks togetherRoute packets of data from one network to anotherCisco became the de facto standard of routers because of their high-quality router products
Routers, by default, break up a broadcast domain
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
12/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Topology- the way of network is laid out.
Topology
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
13/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Every device has a dedicated point-to-point link to every other device.
N- device needs to participate in mesh topology means it requires n(n-1)/2 physical
Channel and n-1 input/output ports.
Mesh Topology
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
14/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Each device has dedicated point-to-point link only to central controller, usually called
Hub.
Star Topology
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
15/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
A variation of star.
In star, every node linked to central hub.
Here, not every node plugs directly into the central hub.
Tree Topology
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
16/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Bus Topology
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
17/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Ring Topology
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
18/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Hybrid Topology
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
19/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Physical and Logical Topology
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
20/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
LANs
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
21/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
WANs
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
22/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Virtual Private Network
A VPN is a private network that is constructed within a public networkinfrastructure such as the global Internet. Using VPN, a telecommutercan access the network of the company headquarters through the
Internet by building a secure tunnel between the telecommuters PCand a VPN router in the headquarters.
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
23/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Bandwidth
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
24/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Measuring Bandwidth
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
25/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Internetworking Devices
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
26/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
What Are The Components Of ANetwork ?
Main OfficeBranch Office
HomeOffice
MobileUsers
Internet
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
27/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Network Structure & Hierarchy
Distribution
Layer
Core Layer
Access
Layer
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
28/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
29/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Why do we need the OSI Model?
To address the problem of networks increasing in size and in number, theInternational Organization for Standardization (ISO) researched manynetwork schemes and recognized that there was a need to create a network
model
This would help network builders implement networks that couldcommunicate and work together
ISO therefore, released the OSI reference model in 1984.
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
30/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Dont Get Confused.
ISO - International Organization for Standardization
OSI - Open System Interconnection
IOS - Internetwork Operating System
To avoid confusion, some people say InternationalStandard Organization.
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
31/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
The OSI Reference Model
7 Application
6 Presentation
5 Session
4 Transport
3 Network
2 Data Link1 Physical
The OSI Model will beused throughout yourentire networkingcareer!
Memorize it!
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
32/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
OSI Model
Data FlowLayers
Transport
Data-Link
Network
Physical
Application(Upper)Layers
Session
Presentation
Application
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
33/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Layer 7 - The Application Layer
7 Application
6 Presentation
5 Session
4 Transport
3 Network
2 Data Link1 Physical
This layer deal withnetworkingapplications.
Examples: Email Web browsers
PDU - User Data
Each of the layers have Protocol Data Unit (PDU)
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
34/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Layer 6 - The Presentation Layer
7 Application
6 Presentation
5 Session
4 Transport
3 Network
2 Data Link1 Physical
This layer is responsiblefor presenting the data inthe required format whichmay include:
Code FormattingEncryptionCompression
PDU - Formatted Data
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
35/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Layer 5 - The Session Layer
7 Application
6 Presentation
5 Session
4 Transport
3 Network
2 Data Link1 Physical
This layer establishes, manages, andterminates sessions between twocommunicating hosts.Creates Virtual CircuitCoordinates communication between systemsOrganize their communication by offering
three different modesSimplexHalf DuplexFull Duplex
Example: Client Software
( Used for logging in)
PDU - Formatted Data
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
36/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Half Duplex
It uses only one wire pair with a digital signal running in bothdirections on the wire.
It also uses the CSMA/CD protocol to help prevent collisions and topermit retransmitting if a collision does occur.
If a hub is attached to a switch, it must operate in half-duplex modebecause the end stations must be able to detect collisions.
Half-duplex Ethernettypically 10BaseTis only about 30 to 40percent efficient because a large 10BaseT network will usually onlygive you 3 to 4Mbpsat most.
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
37/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Full Duplex
In a network that uses twisted-pair cabling, one pair is used to carry the transmittedsignal from one node to the other node. A separate pair is used for the return orreceived signal. It is possible for signals to pass through both pairs simultaneously.The capability of communication in both directions at once is known as full duplex.
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
38/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Layer 4 - The Transport Layer
7 Application
6 Presentation
5 Session
4 Transport
3 Network
2 Data Link1 Physical
This layer breaks up the data from thesending host and then reassembles it in the
receiver.
It also is used to insure reliable datatransport across the network.Can be reliable or unreliableSequencingAcknowledgmentRetransmissionFlow Control
PDU - Segments
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
39/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Layer 3 - The Network Layer
7 Application
6 Presentation
5 Session
4 Transport
3 Network
2 Data Link
1 Physical
Sometimes referred to as the CiscoLayer.End to End DeliveryProvide logical addressing that routers use forpath determinationSegments are encapsulatedInternetwork Communication
Packet forwardingPacket FilteringMakes Best Path DeterminationFragmentation
PDU
Packets
IP/IPX
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
40/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Layer 2 - The Data Link Layer7 Application6 Presentation
5 Session
4 Transport
3 Network
2 Data Link
1 Physical
Performs Physical AddressingThis layer provides reliable transit ofdata across a physical link.Combines bits into bytes andbytes into framesAccess to media using MAC addressError detection, not correctionLLC and MACLogical Link Control performs LinkestablishmentMAC Performs Access method
PDU - Frames
Preamble DMAC SMAC Data length DATA FCS
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
41/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Layer 1 - The Physical Layer
7 Application6 Presentation
5 Session
4 Transport
3 Network
2 Data Link
1 Physical
This is the physical mediathrough which the data,represented as electronic signals,is sent from the source host tothe destination host.
Move bits between devicesEncoding
PDU - Bits
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
42/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Data Encapsulation
Transport
Data-Link
Physical
Network
Upper-Layer Data
Upper-Layer DataTCP Header
DataIP Header
DataLLC Header
0101110101001000010
DataMAC Header
Presentation
Application
Session
Segment
Packet
Bits
Frame
PDU
FCS
FCS
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
43/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Data Encapsulation
Processes performed by each layer of the model
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
44/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
D t Fl Th h N t k
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
45/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Data Flow Through a Network
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
46/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Type of Transmission
Unicast
Multicast
Broadcast
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
47/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Type of Transmission
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
48/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Broadcast Domain
A group of devices receiving broadcast framesinitiating from any device within the group
Routers do not forward broadcast frames,broadcast domains are not forwarded from one
broadcast to another.
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
49/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Collision
The effect of two nodes sending transmissions simultaneouslyin Ethernet. When they meet on the physical media, theframes from each node collide and are damaged.
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
50/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Collision Domain
The network area in Ethernet over which framesthat have collided will be detected.
Collisions are propagated by hubs and repeaters
Collisions are Not propagated by switches,routers, or bridges
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
51/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Physical Layer
Defines
Media type
Connector type
Signaling type
802.3
Physical
802.3 is responsible for LANs based on the carrier sense multiple accesscollision detect (CSMA/CD) access methodology. Ethernet is an exampleof a CSMA/CD network.
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
52/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Physical Layer: Ethernet/802.3
Hub
Hosts
Host
10Base2Thin Ethernet10Base5Thick Ethernet
10BaseTTwisted Pair
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
53/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Device Used At Layer 1
A B C D
Physical
All devices are in the same collision domain. All devices are in the same broadcast domain.
Devices share the same bandwidth.
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
54/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Hubs & Collision Domains
More end stations meansmore collisions.
CSMA/CD is used.
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
55/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Layer 2
DataSource Address FCSLengthDestination Address
Variable266 4
0000.0C xx.xxxx
VendorAssigned
IEEE Assigned
MAC Layer802.3
Preamble
Ethernet IIuses Type
here anddoes not use
802.2.
MAC Address
8Number of Bytes
synchronize senders and receivers
Devices On Layer 2
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
56/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Devices On Layer 2(Switches & Bridges)
Each segment has its own collision domain.
All segments are in the same broadcast domain.
Data-Link
OR1 2 3 1 24
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
57/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Switches
Each segment is itsown collision domain.
Broadcasts areforwarded to allsegments.
Memory
Switch
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
58/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Layer 3 : Network Layer
Defines logicalsource and
destinationaddressesassociated with aspecific protocol
Defines pathsthrough network
Network
IP, IPX
Data-Link
Physical
EIA/TIA-232
V.35
802.2
802.3
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
59/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Layer 3 : (cont.)
DataSource
AddressDestination
AddressIP Header
172.15.1.1
NodeNetwork
LogicalAddress
Network Layer End-Station Packet
Route determination occurs at this layer, so a packet must include a source anddestination address.Network-layer addresses have two components: a network component forinternetwork routing, and a node number for a device-specific address. Theexample in the figure is an example of an IP packet and address.
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
60/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Layer 3 (cont.)
11111111 11111111 00000000 00000000
10101100 00010000 01111010 11001100
BinaryMask
BinaryAddress
172.16.122.204 255.255.0.0
172 16 122 204
255
Address Mask
255 0 0
Network Host
Device On Layer 3
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
61/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Device On Layer 3Router
Broadcast control
Multicast control
Optimal pathdetermination
Traffic management
Logical addressing
Connects to WAN
services
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
62/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Layer 4 : Transport Layer Distinguishes between
upper-layer applications
Establishes end-to-endconnectivity between
applications
Defines flow control
Provides reliable or
unreliable services fordata transfer
Network
IPXIP
Tra
nsport
SPXTCP UDP
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
63/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Reliable Service
Synchronize
Acknowledge, Synchronize
Acknowledge
Data Transfer
(Send Segments)
Sender Receiver
Connection Established
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
64/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
How They Operate
Hub Bridge Switch Router
Collision Domains:
1 4 4 4Broadcast Domains:
1 1 1 4
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
65/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Why Another Model?
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
66/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Why Another Model?
Although the OSI reference model is universally recognized, thehistorical and technical open standard of the Internet isTransmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol (TCP/IP).
The TCP/IP reference model and the TCP/IP protocol stackmake data communication possible between any two
computers, anywhere in the world, at nearly the speed of light.
The U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) created the TCP/IPreference model because it wanted a network that could survive
any conditions, even a nuclear war.
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
67/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
TCP/IP Protocol Stack
7
6
5
4
3
2
5
4
3
2
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data-Link
Physical1
Application
Transport
Internet
Data-Link
Physical1
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
68/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Origin of Ethernet
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
69/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Found by Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (PARC) in1975
Original designed as a 2.94 Mbps system to connect100 computers on a 1 km cable
Later, Xerox, Intel and DEC drew up a standardsupport 10 Mbps Ethernet II
Basis for the IEEEs 802.3 specification
Most widely used LAN technology in the world
Origin of Ethernet
10 Mb IEEE St d d 10B T
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
70/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
10 Mbps IEEE Standards - 10BaseT
10BaseT 10 Mbps, baseband,over Twisted-pair cable
Running Ethernet over twisted-pair
wiring as specified by IEEE 802.3
Configure in a star pattern
Twisting the wires reduces EMI
Fiber Optic has no EMI
Unshielded twisted-pair
RJ-45 Plug and Socket
T i t d P i C bl
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
71/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Unshielded Twisted Pair Cable (UTP)most popularmaximum length 100 m
prone to noise
Category 1
Category 2
Category 3Category 4
Category 5
Category 6
Voice transmission of traditional telephone
For data up to 4 Mbps, 4 pairs full-duplex
For data up to 10 Mbps, 4 pairs full-duplexFor data up to 16 Mbps, 4 pairs full-duplex
For data up to 100 Mbps, 4 pairs full-duplex
For data up to 1000 Mbps, 4 pairs full-duplex
Twisted Pair Cables
B b d VS B db d
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
72/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Baseband Transmission Entire channel is used to transmit a single digital signal Complete bandwidth of the cable is used by a single signal The transmission distance is shorter The electrical interference is lower
Broadband Transmission Use analog signaling and a range of frequencies Continuous signals flow in the form of waves Support multiple analog transmission (channels)
Modem Broadband
Transmission
Network
Card
Baseband
Transmission
Baseband VS Broadband
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
73/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Straight-through cable
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
74/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Straight-through cable pinout
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
75/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Crossover cable
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
76/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Crossover cable
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
77/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Rollover cable
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
78/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Rollover cable pinout
Straight Thru or Crossover
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
79/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Straight-Thru or Crossover
Use straight-through cables for the following cabling: Switch to router Switch to PC or server
Hub to PC or server
Use crossover cables for the following cabling: Switch to switch Switch to hub
Hub to hub Router to router PC to PC Router to PC
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
80/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
IP Addressing
255 255 255 255
DottedDecimal
Maximum
Network Host
128643216 8 4 2 1
11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111
10101100 00010000 01111010 11001100
Binary
32 Bits
172 16 122 204ExampleDecimal
ExampleBinary
1 8 9 16 17 24 25 32
128643216 8 4 2 1
128643216 8 4 2 1
128643216 8 4 2 1
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
81/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Class A:
Class B:
Class C:
Class D: Multicast
Class E:Research
IP Address Classes
Network Host Host Host
Network Network Host Host
Network Network Network Host
8 Bits 8 Bits 8 Bits 8 Bits
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
82/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
IP Address Classes1
Class A:Bits:
0NNNNNNN Host Host Host
8 9 16 17 24 25 32
Range (1-126)
1
Class B:
Bits:
10NNNNNN Network Host Host
8 9 16 17 24 25 32
Range (128-191)
1
Class C:
Bits:
110NNNNN Network Network Host
8 9 16 17 24 25 32
Range (192-223)1
Class D:
Bits:
1110MMMM Multicast Group Multicast Group Multicast Group
8 9 16 17 24 25 32
Range (224-239)
H t Add
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
83/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Host Addresses
172.16.2.2
172.16.3.10
172.16.12.12
10.1.1.1
10.250.8.11
10.180.30.118
E1
172.16 12 12
Network Host
. . Network Interface
172.16.0.0
10.0.0.0
E0
E1
Routing Table
172.16.2.1
10.6.24.2
E0
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
84/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Cisco IOS
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
85/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Cisco IOS
Cisco technology is built around the CiscoInternetwork Operating System (IOS), which is the
software that controls the routing and switchingfunctions of internetworking devices.
A solid understanding of the IOS is essential for a
network administrator.
The Purpose of Cisco IOS
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
86/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
The Purpose of Cisco IOS
As with a computer, a router or switch cannot function without anoperating system. Cisco calls its operating system the Cisco InternetworkOperating System or Cisco IOS.
Introduction to Routers
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
87/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
A router is a special type of computer. It has the same basic components as a standard desktop
PC. However, routers are designed to perform some very specific functions. Just as computersneed operating systems to run software applications, routers need the Internetwork OperatingSystem software (IOS) to run configuration files. These configuration files contain theinstructions and parameters that control the flow of traffic in and out of the routers. The manyparts of a router are shown below:
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
88/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Router Internal Components
R t M C t
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
89/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Router Memory Components
ROM -Read Only Memory Bootstrap/POST
FLASH Memory-IOS Images are kept here- Erasable reprogrammable ROM- Contents are kept on Power down or reload
RAM - Random Access memory- Routing Tables- Running Configuration- Contents are lost on reboot
NVRAM - Start up configuration- Configuration Register- Contents are kept on reload
ROM
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
90/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
ROM
Read-Only Memory
ROM has the following characteristics and functions:
Maintains instructions for power-on self test(POST) diagnostics
Stores bootstrap program and basic operating
system software Mini IOS
RAM
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
91/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
RAM
Random Access Memory, also called dynamic RAM (DRAM)
RAM has the following characteristics and functions:
Stores routing tables Holds ARP cache Performs packet buffering (shared RAM) Provides temporary memory for the configuration file of
the router while the router is powered on Loses content when router is powered down or restarted
NVRAM
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
92/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
NVRAM
Non-Volatile RAM
NVRAM has the following characteristics and functions:
Provides storage for the startup configuration fileRetains content when router is powered down or
restarted
Configuration Register 16 bit register which decidesboot sequence
Flash
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
93/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Flash
Flash memory has the following characteristics andfunctions:
Holds the operating system image (IOS)
Allows software to be updated withoutremoving and replacing chips on the processor
Retains content when router is powered downor restarted
Can store multiple versions of IOS software Is a type of electronically erasable,
programmable ROM (EEPROM)
Interfaces
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
94/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
InterfacesInterfaces have the following characteristics and functions:
Connect router to network for frame entry and exitCan be on the motherboard or on a separate module
Types of interfaces:
Ethernet Fast Ethernet Serial
ISDN BRI Loopback Console Aux
Router Power-On/Bootup
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
95/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
oute o e O / ootupSequence
1. Perform power-on self test (POST).
2. Load and run bootstrap code.
3. Find the Cisco IOS software.4. Load the Cisco IOS software.
5. Find the configuration.
6. Load the configuration.
7. Run the configured Cisco IOS software.
After the Post
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
96/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
After the POST, the following events occur as the router initializes:
Step 1The generic bootstrap loader in ROM executes. A bootstrap is a simple set of instructions thattests hardware and initializes the IOS for operation.
Step 2The IOS can be found in several places. The boot field of the configuration register determines
the location to be used in loading the IOS.
Step 3The operating system image is loaded.
Step 4The configuration file saved in NVRAM is loaded into main memory and executed one line at a
time. The configuration commands start routing processes, supply addresses for interfaces,and define other operating characteristics of the router.
Step 5If no valid configuration file exists in NVRAM, the operating system searches for an availableTFTP server. If no TFTP server is found, the setup dialog is initiated.
External Components of a 2600 Router
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
97/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
p
Internal Components of a 2600 Router
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
98/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
p
Computer/Terminal Console Connection
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
99/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
HyperTerminal Session Properties
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
100/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Establishing aH T i l S i
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
101/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
HyperTerminal Session
Take the following steps to connect a terminal to the console port on the router:
First, connect the terminal using the RJ-45 to RJ-45 rollover cable and an RJ-45 toDB-9 or RJ-45 to DB-25 adapter.
Then, configure the terminal or PC terminal emulation software for 9600 baud, 8data bits, no parity, 1 stop bit, and no flow control.
Router Command Line Interface
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
102/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
IOS File System Overview
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
103/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Router LED Indicators
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
104/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Cisco routers use LED indicators to provide status information. Dependingupon the Cisco router model, the LED indicators will vary. An interface LEDindicates the activity of the corresponding interface. If an LED is off whenthe interface is active and the interface is correctly connected, a problemmay be indicated. If an interface is extremely busy, its LED will always be
on. The green OK LED to the right of the AUX port will be on after thesystem initializes correctly.
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
105/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Router User Interface Modes
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
106/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
The Cisco command-line interface (CLI) uses a hierarchical structure. This structurerequires entry into different modes to accomplish particular tasks.
Each configuration mode is indicated with a distinctive prompt and allows only
commands that are appropriate for that mode.
As a security feature the Cisco IOS software separates sessions into two accesslevels, user EXEC mode and privileged EXEC mode. The privileged EXEC mode is
also known as enable mode.
Overview of Router Modes
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
107/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Router Modes
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
108/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
CLI Command Modes
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
109/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
All command-line interface (CLI) configuration changes to a Cisco router are madefrom the global configuration mode. Other more specific modes are entereddepending upon the configuration change that is required.
Global configuration mode commands are used in a router to apply configurationstatements that affect the system as a whole.
The following command moves the router into global configuration mode
Router#configure terminal (or config t)Router(config)#
When specific configuration modes are entered, the router prompt changes toindicate the current configuration mode.
Typing exit from one of these specific configuration modes will return the router toglobal configuration mode. Pressing Ctrl-Z returns the router to all the way backprivileged EXEC mode.
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
110/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Show Version Command
wg_ro_a#show versionCisco Internetwork Operating System SoftwareIOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-JS-L), Version 12.0(3), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)Copyright (c) 1986-1999 by cisco Systems, Inc.Compiled Mon 08-Feb-99 18:18 by phanguyeImage text-base: 0x03050C84, data-base: 0x00001000
ROM: System Bootstrap, Version 11.0(10c), SOFTWAREBOOTFLASH: 3000 Bootstrap Software (IGS-BOOT-R), Version 11.0(10c), RELEASE SOFTWARE(fc1)
wg_ro_a uptime is 20 minutesSystem restarted by reloadSystem image file is "flash:c2500-js-l_120-3.bin"(output omitted)--More--
Configuration register is 0x2102
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
111/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
112/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Layer 2 Switching
Switching breaks up large collision domains into smallerones
Collision domain is a network segment with two or moredevices sharing the same bandwidth.
A hub network is a typical example of this type oftechnology
Each port on a switch is actually its own collisiondomain, you can make a much better Ethernet LANnetwork just by replacing your hubs with switches
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
113/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Switching Services
Unlike bridges that use software to create andmanage a filter table, switches use ApplicationSpecific Integrated Circuits (ASICs)
Layer 2 switches and bridges are faster than routersbecause they dont take up time looking at theNetwork layer header information.
They look at the frames hardware addresses beforedeciding to either forward the frame or drop it.
layer 2 switching so efficient is that no modificationto the data packet takes place
How Switches and Bridges
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
114/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Learn Addresses
Bridges and switches learn in the following ways:
Reading the source MAC address of each
received frame or datagram
Recording the port on which the MAC addresswas received.
In this way, the bridge or switch learns which addressesbelong to the devices connected to each port.
Ethernet Access with Hubs
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
115/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Ethernet Access with Switches
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
116/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
117/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Address learning Forward/filter decision
Loop avoidance
Ethernet Switches and Bridges
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
118/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Switch Features
There are three conditions in which a switch will flood a frameout on all ports except to the port on which the frame camein, as follows:
Unknown unicast address
Broadcast frame Multicast frame
dd bl
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
119/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
MAC Address Table
Initial MAC address table is empty.
dd
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
120/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Learning Addresses
Station A sends a frame to station C.
Switch caches the MAC address of station A to port E0 by learning
the source address of data frames.
The frame from station A to station C is flooded out to all ports
except port E0 (unknown unicasts are flooded).
L i Add (C )
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
121/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Learning Addresses (Cont.)
Station D sends a frame to station C.
Switch caches the MAC address of station D to port E3 bylearning the source address of data frames.
The frame from station D to station C is flooded out to all portsexcept port E3 (unknown unicasts are flooded).
Some Example Switches and
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
122/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Routers
Routers:
CISCO 2600 Series Routers
CISCO 3600 Series Routers
CISCO 3700 Series Routers
Switches:
Catalyst 4507 R Switches
Catalyst 3550 Switches Catalyst 2950 Switches
Communications and ServicesC tifi ti
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
123/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Certifications
CCNA E
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
124/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
CCNA Exam
Exam Number - 640-801
Total Marks - 1000
Duration 90 Mts
Passing score 849 Questions -45-55
Multiple Choice
Simulations Drag and Drop
B fit
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
125/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Benefits
Peer Validation
Personal
Potential Employer
Career advancement
Ci I d S b l
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
126/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Cisco Icons and Symbols
Role of System Administrator
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
127/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
User administration (setup and maintaining account) Maintaining system Verify that peripherals are working properly Quickly arrange repair for hardware in occasion of hardware failure Monitor system performance Create file systems
Install software Create a backup and recover policy Monitor network communication Update system as soon as new version of OS and application
software comes out Implement the policies for the use of the computer system and
network Setup security policies for users. A sysadmin must have a strong
grasp of computer security (e.g. firewalls and intrusion detectionsystems).
Role of System Administrator
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
128/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Many tasks for system administrationcan be automated using perl or shellscripts. For example:
Create new users Resetting user passwords
Lock/unlock user accounts
Monitor server security Monitor special services etc
Role of System Administrator
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
129/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
System administrators are not... Cookie cutting software engineers.
Developers.
It is not usually within your duties to design new
applications software. But, you must understand the behavior of
software in order to deploy it and totroubleshoot
problems, and generally should be good at
several programming languages used forscripting or automation of routine tasks such asshell, awk, perl, python
Rol of N t o k Ad i i t to
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
130/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Role of Network Administrator
Setting up and configuring network hardware and software Installing and configuring network media and connections Connecting user nodes and peripherals of all kinds to the
network Adding users to and removing users from the network Managing user accounts such as passwords storage space
and file-access privileges Creating and maintaining a system for backing up data and
program files Ensuring the security of the network Managing the organization's e-mail system Managing users' ability to access the Internet via the
network Training users to utilize the network's resources
IT Professionals and their Skills
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
131/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Maintenance technician A computing maintenance technician is in charge of
ensuring that workstations, software, and user devices(such as printers, etc.) all function properly.
sometimes called a support technician or operationstechnician
He/she also troubleshoots them whenever needed.
Skills
Besides the technical skills which are needed in order toperform the job well (understanding how computerswork, assembling computers, and a background in the
users' operating systems), the maintenance technicianmust be willing to listen to users, and display patienceand an open mind.
IT Professionals and their Skills
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
132/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Hotline technician A support technician is an IT maintenance technician in charge of
remotely (usually over the telephone) helping users troubleshoot problemsencountered while using computing tools, especially when a machine fails towork.
(sometimes referred to as a hotline technician, phone support, or simplytech support)
When a support technician works at a call centre (also called a help desk),
he/she may deal with users from different companies. Most of the time, the support technician only handles "level 1" problems. It meaning that he/she notes the caller's name and the problem
encountered and use them for a database query. Assisted by a knowledge base which lists the most common questions and
answers, he/she diagnoses the problem and tries to find a solution within alength of time set by the employer.
If the task runs overlong, or if the technician does not have the skillsneeded to help, the problem is routed to an expert, whose job is to solve"level 2" problems.
IT Professionals and their Skills
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
133/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Skills As with a maintenance technician, a tech support
worker needs to have real technical skills (in bothhardware and software) as well as the ability to listento users and to mediate.
The hotline technician must also have a methodicallyanalytical mind and possess good judgment indetermining which questions to ask the user, as wellas being able to tell what the caller's level of ITknowledge is so as not to use too much (or too little)
technical jargon.
IT Professionals and their Skills
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
134/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Network technician
The job of a network technician is towork with network equipment and wiring inorder to ensure that users have the bestpossible quality of service.
In large corporations, the networktechnician may act under the authority of a
network administrator or a networkengineer who knows the company'snetwork architecture perfectly.
IT Professionals and their Skills
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
135/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Depending on the company, thetechnician's duties may include some or allof the following: Monitoring network activity;
Dealing with cables, especially in the connectionports;
Configuring network equipment (such as therouter, the hub, etc.);
Analysing network security;
Working with network hardware distributioncompanies' post-sale service departments.
IT Professionals and their Skills
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
136/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Skills
The network technician must have aprofound understanding of the main
types of wires, equipment, andprotocols used in networks.
Additionally, deductive reasoning isessential to be able to diagnose the
cause of glitches,network congestion,or packet loss.
IT Professionals and their Skills
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
137/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Network administrator A network administrator (also called a network manager) is
in charge of maintaining and developing a business's networkinfrastructure.
Skills Today, network infrastructure is such an integral part of most
businesses that network unavailability may sometimes meanunavoidable financial losses, which may, in some rare cases,lead to bankruptcy.
The network administrator must be able to monitor activityon the network, and call in technicians quickly if congestion oraccess problems arise.
He/she must also have a very precise knowledge of all networkequipment, various communication protocols, the OSI model
and different network architectures. He/she is also in charge of managing user accounts, creating
them for new staff members and deleting them when theyleave the company.
IT Professionals and their Skills
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
138/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
What's more, in light of the fast-changing paceof technology and transmission media, thenetwork administrator must keep up with thelatest advances in order to upgrade thecompany's network infrastructure.
As with a security manager, the networkadministrator is in charge of implementingsuitable protection measures, monitoring logs,and keeping a close watch on security alerts.
In anticipation of potential dangers, he/she has
to come up with a recovery plan defining whatto do to restore access as quickly as possible, inaccordance with the company's security policy.
IT Professionals and their Skills
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
139/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Database administrator A database administrator (or DBA for short) is in charge of
maintaining and operating the databases which form acompany's information system.
Skills Given the critical nature of the data he/she is in charge of, the
database administrator must be well versed in IT, with aparticularly good knowledge of DBMSs (database managementsystems) and the query language SQL, as well as knowingseveral programming languages, in order to be able toautomate certain tasks.
His/her duties involve ensuring the integrity of the company'sinformation system.
What's more, a keen understanding of DBMSs may be
necessary for optimising queries, adjusting DBMS settings, orfine-tuning database access monitoring tools.
IT Professionals and their Skills
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
140/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
The database administrator may be called upon to act astechnical support for client application users ordevelopment teams in order to fix their problems, advisethem, or help them carry out complicated queries.
Working with the security manager, the databaseadministrator will need to develop data backup andrestoration plans and procedures, in order to preserve thedata which he/she is responsible for.
Besides these technical skills, the database administratormust have a good understanding of the
company's applications and be in a position to listen tousers' needs when developing or editing a database.
Ideally, he/she has experience with designing informationsystems and UML models.
IT Professionals and their Skills
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
141/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Systems engineer The job of a systems engineer (sometimes called a
system manager) is to install and operate acompany's hardware and software installations.
Working with the technical teams, the systems
engineer must establish and perpetually update aninventory for the company's computers, andformulate a plan of operations.
In addition, he/she must ensure that workstations areusable, and implement tools that make work easier
for the company staff. He/she must also monitor the hardware and software.
IT Professionals and their Skills
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
142/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Skills
The profession of a systems engineerrequires not only technical knowledge ofthe business's systems, hardware andsoftware, but also the interpersonal andorganisational skills of a project manager,in order to coordinate technical teams.
He/she may also become involved inrecruiting teams of technicians.
IT Professionals and their Skills
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
143/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Network engineer
A network engineer (sometimes called atelecom engineer) is responsible for makingsure that the company'stelecommunications networks runsmoothly.
Working with the technical teams, he sets
a strategy for operating the company'stelecommunications infrastructure.
IT Professionals and their Skills
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
144/148
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Skills The profession of a network engineer requires
complete knowledge in the field of networkingand telecommunications (infrastructure, wiring,protocols, administration tools, security, etc.),
as well as the interpersonal and organisationskills of a project manager in order to coordinatethe technical teams.
He/she may also become involved in recruitingteams of technicians.
A telecom engineer must have expertise in
multiple specialised fields, including electronics,computing, and transmission techniques, as wellas the basics of business management.
TIFAC CORE in NETWORKENGINEERING
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
145/148
ENGINEERING
TIFAC Technological InformationForecasting and Assessment Council
CORE Centre of Relevance and
Excellence 16 TIFC core around India
DST Funded Project
Value of TIFAC CORE is 16 cr
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
TIFAC CORE in NETWORKENGINEERING
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
146/148
ENGINEERING
Aim is to technically develop the ruralarea students to meet therequirements of
companies/organizations.
3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
TIFAC CORE in NETWORKENGINEERING-Lab facilities
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
147/148
ENGINEERING Lab facilities
Network Technology Lab
Gigabit Testbed Lab
NetMat Lab
Network Installation and Cabling Lab
Network Security Lab
Network Processor Lab
Embedded Networking Lab
OST Lab3/22/2012 TCNE,KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
-
8/2/2019 Networking Basics and Cabling
148/148
Thank You