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CULTURE OF NUCLEAR NON-PROLIFERATION AND
SECURITY AS A BASIC ELEMENT OF NUCLEAR CULTURE
Andrianov A.A., Murogov V.M., Ponomarev-Stepnoy N.N., Rumyantsev A.N., Tulinov B.M
NATIONAL RESEARCH NUCLEAR UNIVERSITY (NRNU MEPHI)
NESTet 2011 15-18 May 2011 Prague
The work was performed within the framework of NRNU MEPHI - ISTC Project SB 159.
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ContentEducation activity
Special courses Some topics of lecture courses
Methodical support of educational process
Joint courses with IAEA on energy planning software
Experience of teaching foreign students
Scientific activity
Developing risk assessment methodologies
Software for quantitative risk assessment based on multiple objective
analysis framework
Objects for energy system analyses
Medium-term worldwide supply and demand relationship on NFC
services
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A dual-use nature of nuclear technology consisting in the potential for its application
equally in peaceful and military sphere is the basic contradiction for the existingnuclear non-proliferation regime and comprehensive development of the nuclear
energy (NE) and nuclear fuel cycle (NFC). The associated antagonism between the
need for the development of civil NE, extension of countries range and areas of
application, on the one hand, and risk of transferring nuclear technologies and
fissile materials being potentially applied in the military sphere, on the other hand,
defines the principal threat to the non-proliferation regime. Moreover, the intensityof the situation in nuclear non-proliferation at the beginning of the new millennium
coincided with a new cycle of renewed interest to NE, to plans and efforts focused
on further development of innovative technologies: for instance, small-size nuclear
power plants for developing countries; breeder reactors with closed NFC with
reprocessing and recycling of fissile materials, primarily, plutonium; high-efficiencytechnology of centrifugal enrichment, etc. which would inevitably result in the
increasing risk of stealing fissile materials and changing nuclear technologies from
peaceful to military activity. This is particularly evident with the increasing threat of
nuclear and radiation terrorism with the widening scope of potential application of
nuclear science and technology. The prevention of proliferation is nowadays more
urgent than ever.
Introduction
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In these circumstances, it becomes more evident that only institutional, technology and/or prohibitive (control) measures of
international organizations do not provide absolute guarantee,
especially in the context of potential threat of terrorism.
A crucial role of Control, Accounting and Physical Protection is
definitely increasing (this is a necessary condition). But also as it was
with the development of Nuclear Safety Culture after the Three Mile
Island and Chernobyl accidents, the problem of educating,
developing Nuclear non-proliferation and nuclear security culture in
mass consciousness of population and authorities of all levels (as asecond-order condition) has become a high priority.
Introduction
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Education activity
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Special courses
UNDERGRADUATECOURSES
Methodology and history of nuclear powerRecent developments in nuclear power
Problems of nuclear power
Nuclear reactions and reactors
Advanced nuclear power systems
GRADUATECOURSES Physical protection, control and accounting of fissile materials
Status and trends of nuclear power development
State of-the-art software for forecasting of nuclear power
development and NFC analysis
State of-the-art IT in scientific research
TOPICS OFPHD STUDIES Foresight and feasibility studies on nuclear technology
Development of competitiveness assessment methodology for
nuclear technologies
Development of expert support system on nuclear technology
Development of physical process models in nuclear technology
Statistics (man per year):
Undergraduate courses:100 Graduate courses : 20
PhD courses: 4
Human resources:
Full doctors: 6
Candidate of science: 10
PhD : 4
Material and technical support:
Specialized library
Computer Class
Specialized software
All course features an extensive set of
lecture notes, a complete set of lab
materials, and assignments with
solutions.
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Some topics of lecture courses1 The Front End of the Nuclear Fuel Cycle
2 The Back End of the Nuclear Fuel Cycle
3 Nuclear Fuel Design and Manufacturing4 Reactor Design Criteria
5 Objectives of Reactor Analysis
6 Reactivity and Burnable Poison
7 Fast Reactor Physics
8 Advanced Thermal Reactor Concepts (HTGR, ACR, etc.)
9 Hybrid Reactor Concepts (ADS, FNS, etc)
10 Safety Aspects of Nuclear Power
11 Nuclear Fuel Cycle Technologies
12 International Cooperation in the Nuclear Power
13 Thorium as a Nuclear Fuel
14 Nuclear Non-proliferation
15 Non-proliferation, Safeguards, and Export Controls
16 Proliferation-resistance of Nuclear Energy Systems
17 Pu and minor actinides Recycle
18 High Level Wastes
19 Transmutation of Spent Nuclear Fuel and Radioactive Waste
20 Economics of Nuclear Power
21 Fuel Cost Calculations
22 Nuclear Fuel Cycle Economics
Topics include uranium supply,
enrichment, fuel fabrication, in-core
physics and fuel management of
uranium, thorium and other fuel
types, reprocessing and waste
disposal.
Covered are the principles of fuel
cycle and nuclear power economics
as well as the applied reactor
physics.Nonproliferation and safety aspects,
management with excess weapons
plutonium, transmutation of actinides
and fission products in spent fuel are
considered.
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Methodical support of educational process (1)
1. Hardcopy and electronic training aids and
monographs2. Specialize software
3. Virtual labs, electronic aids and simulators for
courses
4. Electronic bank of tasks on different courses
5. A set of freely distributed computer modules,electronic templates, basic software component,
which students could immediately use in their
educational and research activities
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Under development:
Nuclear fuel cycle simulators Computer courses on energy system analysis software
Knowledge base on nuclear science and technology, film library
An information infrastructure to support the educational process
(portal, intellectual testing environment)
Methodical support of educational process (2)
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Joint courses with IAEA on energy planning
software A training course for 6 Russian institutions was
organized in cooperation with the IAEArecently.
Relevant training materials have been
developed by the group. Our students regularly
participate in national and international
workshops and conferences.
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Experience of teaching foreign students
Examples of diploma topics
Jaluvka D. Foresight and feasibility studies on nuclear technology by using
MESSAGE Alekseeva M. Feasibility study for construction of NPP RUTA in Yakutsk.
Mickiewicz A. Neutron-spectrometric analysis of samples of fissionable materials
Yatsyne T. Gamma-spectrometric analysis of samples of fissionable materials .
Etc.
Students from China, Japan, France, India, Czech Republic, Belarus weretrained in this area at the Department.
All of them were involved in ongoing research activities, which ensured
their consolidation in the field of nuclear technology.
At the moment there is a tendency to increase the share of foreignstudents
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Scientific activity
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Developing risk assessment methodologies
Expanded scenario model which arebased on methodology of controlled
finite Markov chain
Assessment of adversary scenariosbased on multiple objective analysis
framework
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SOFTWARE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
BASED ON MULTIPLE OBJECTIVE ANALYSIS FRAMEWORK
DIALOG SYSTEM OF STOCHASTIC
MULTIOBJECTIVE OPTIMIZATION
INTERACTIVE SYSTEM FOR VISUAL
ANALYSIS OF FEASIBLE SET
BORDERS
To perform calculation based on based on multiple objective
analysis framework the specialized software was developed
To perform calculation based on based on multiple objective
analysis framework the specialized software was developed
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0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
T ENEX EURO DIF USEC URENCO LES/NEF
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
12 3
12
3
106
GW
Objects for energy system analysesWorld nuclear fuel market
National stratagy nuclearpower
development
Software developed:
SYSTEM
EKONOM
SMAENG
DIPLOM-GENESIS
NE SD model
ParSAM
Applications: National, Regional and
global levels
Optimization of general
and nuclear energy
structure
International software
used:MESSEGE
DESAESIMPACT
ENPEP
MAED
Prognostic
methodology: sensitivity factors
system dynamics
method of unimprovable
alternatives
Small and medium sized reactors
for regional energy supply
Innovative global nuclear power syste
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Medium-term worldwide supply and demand
relationship on NFC services
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
TENEX EURODIF USEC URENCO LES/NEF
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
12 3
1
2 3
106
2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
3
4
2
1
4321
k
1- WesternEurope, 2 - EasternEurope,
3- AsiaandAfrica, 4 - LatinandNorthAmerica
Enrichment SNF storage
Moment of full load current and
planned NFC capacity
1 fuel burnup and enrichment tails remain at the current level
2 fuel burnup increases and enrichment tails decreases to 0.24%
3 - fuel burnup increases and enrichment tails decreases to 0.2%
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ConclusionsExperience of the group has demonstrated the possibility of forming Nuclear non-
proliferation and nuclear security culture by means of ensuring effective integration of fundamental and applied research with the
educational process, including the use of research results in the lecture
courses and practical training, performance laboratory, course and teaching-
research, production and pre-diploma practice under the guidance of staff.
improving the quality of teaching and methodical work by creating newcurricula, and teaching aids, textbooks including in electronic form.
carrying out effective international cooperation in the field by performing
contract work, the organization of international exchange of staff, students
and young scientists. Facilitate the employment of graduates in high-tech
companies, academic centers, technology transfer centers.
running Pre-University Career Guidance for Youth motivation for professional
work in the field of nuclear science and technology by means of competitions,
scientific and practical conferences and implementation of measures to
popularize scientific knowledge.
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Thank you for your attention