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The views expressed in this paper are the views of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies ofthe Asian Development Bank (ADB), or its Board of Governors, or the governments they represent. ADB does not
guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this paper and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of theiruse. The countries listed in this paper do not imply any view on ADB's part as to sovereignty or independent statusor necessarily conform to ADB's terminology.
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Concepts Followed in Project Design:
Co-financing, Cost Sharing and Cost Recovery for the development of
Water Supply and Sanitation facilities.
Empowerment and capacity building and full involvement of Users at eachstage including town project study, formulation, implementation and O&M.
Assurance of transparency through the direct involvement of users indecision making process and financial matters.
Assurance of female representation in all activities of project.
Develop DSCs, local NGOs, CBOs and private sector as partnerorganizations.
Use concept of community management.
Institutional development in the operation and maintenance of watersupply systems . 2
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Project OverviewGrant amount: $ 45.1 million
Expected impact: Improved health , economic and environmentalliving conditions of people in 20 small towns.
Expected outcome: Improved, affordable, and sustainable watersupply and sanitation services which are governed and managed by
locally accountable representative bodies.
Project scope: Provide water supply services to 240,000 people in 20small towns. Sanitation services to 270,000 people such as privatelatrines, public toilets, wastewater management facilities, and storm
water drainage
EA: Ministry of Physical Planning and Works with sub-project executiondelegated to its Department of Water Supply and Sewerage
Project Duration: 2009 - 2015
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Project Outputs
Output 1: Develop an efficient, effective, and accountableurban
water supply and sanitation sector by establishingand implementing policies, establishing service standards,and enhancing sector coordination.
Output 2: Support development of safe, accessible, and
adequate water supply and sanitation facilities includingadditional water sources, construction of water treatmentfacilities and storage tanks, and rehabilitation and/orexpansion of transmission and distribution systems inabout 20 small towns.
Output 3: Strengthen governance and capacity for projectmanagement and operation. Local NGOs will be engagedin each town for public awareness raising and health andhygiene education, construction of sanitation facilities,such as public toilets and sludge drying beds for septic tanksludge disposal, construction of storm water drainage, solid
waste management.
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Output-Based Aid (OBA)
The Project proposes a strategy for using explicitperformance-based grants to deliver WSS servicesprimarily to the poor and vulnerable groups. Under the
OBA, grants will be given to service providers, i.e., WUSCs,after delivery of the household connections has been
verified by an independent verification agent. The UrbanWater Supply and Sanitation Sector Plan (UWSSSP)
addresses the OBA to facilitate the access of poor people towater supply and sanitation services.
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Project Specific Characteristics
24 hours supply of quality water,
Service level as per the choice and affordability ofusers (Fully plumbed or yard connection or
community tap),
100% sanitation coverage, and
Cost sharing, Co-financing and full involvement ofstakeholders in decision making.
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Gender Equality and Social
Inclusion (GESI) Provisions Follows ADB Gender Policy 1998 and ADB Strategy 2020
Gender Equity Thematic Classification
Project Outcome Indicator: Reduced time for fetching water(essentially to zero in all towns) by 2015
Includes Gender Equality and Social Inclusion Action Plan
Grant Assurance: MPPW will ensure that GESI are duly consideredand incorporated in project planning and implementation inaccordance with the GESI Action Plan
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GESI Action Plan Activity/Measures Indicators/Targets ReOutput 1: Developing an Efficient, Effective, and Accountable Urban Water Supply
and Sanitation Sector1.1 Make water supplyand sanitationstandards genderresponsiveand socially inclusive
Inclusion of gender equality and socialinclusion approaches in the implementationof existing laws/regulations (i.e., Urban WSSPolicy) and the formulation of new laws,policies, and guidelines.
MPPW(continuous)
Output 2: Developing safe, accessible, and adequate water supply and sanitationfacilities in about 20 small towns.
2.1. Select projectservice area throughparticipatory and
inclusive approaches
Awareness raising on project approaches &participation for women and vulnerablegroups.
Service area selected through consultationswith all stakeholders from targeted vulnerablecommunities, district dalit coordinationcommittees, janajati coordinationcommittees, gender mainstreamingcoordination committees, federations of
indigenous groups and dalit organizations,and other minority groups.
PMO, WSSDO,DSC, NGO (beforeservice area
selection in eachtown)
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2. 2. Collect datadisaggregated by sex,caste, and ethnicity in
socioeconomic survey
Gender, caste, ethnicity disaggregateddata and information on relevantsocioeconomic indicators obtained from
survey reports collected by DSC andreflected in the improved PPMS (target:all towns). Number of female headed HH and othergender indicators included in HH surveys.
PMO, WSSDO,DSC, NGO (within6 months of
commencement ofDSC work)
2.3. Adopt pro-poor andgender sensitiveapproaches in WUSCoperations
IASC and WUSC operational guidelines& charters are gender-sensitive andinclusive. Include women and vulnerable groups intraining, decision-making, O&M of watersupply system, and in monitoring.
IASC and WUSC members trained onparticipatory poverty assessment andsocial inclusion. OBA effectively implemented and 75% oftotal household of poor in the service areaconnected to the piped water supply and
sanitation systems
PMO, WSSDO,WUSC, NGO(during the designand construction fortrainings)(by the end of the
first year operation)
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2.4. Ensurerepresentation ofwomen and vulnerablegroups in ISACs and
WUSCs
2.5. Conduct social
mobilization
2.6. Improve capacity ofwomen and vulnerablegroups to activelyparticipate in decision
making
33% of WUSC members are women,with at least one woman in key position(target: 75% of towns). Dalits, indigenous groups, Muslims,
and religious minorities areappropriately represented in subgroupsand/or general assembly of ISACs andWUSCs.
Local NGOs with inclusive staff
composition are selected for socialmobilization. One communitymobilizer in NGO iseither a woman or from a vulnerablegroup (dalits, marginalized indigenousgroups, Muslims, other minorities)
WUA members from vulnerablegroups and women are trained inleadership, group management, andO&M of water and sanitation service
systems
WSSDO, WUSC,NGO (during thedesign period)
PMO, WSSDOPMO, NGO (localNGO engagementin each town)
WUSC, NGO(during the designand construction)
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2.7. Provide equalemploymentopportunity to poor,women andmen in construction
works
Employment of local poor, skilled, andunskilled people, both men and women,will be encouraged in bidding andcontract documents (target: all towns). Equal wages paid for women and men for
work of equal value. Employment data disaggregated by sex.
DSC, Contractor,NGO (before andduring construction)
2.8. Make sanitation andsolid waste managementactivities gender-friendly
50% participation of women andvulnerable groups in sanitation and solid-waste management programs ensured. WUA members from vulnerable groupsand women are trained in leadership,group management, andO&M of water and sanitation servicesystems
NGO (duringconstruction)
WUSC, NGO(during the designand construction)
Output 3: Strengthen governance and capacity for project management and
operation.3.1. Designategender/socialdevelopment officers inPMOand WSSDO
Gender and social development officersplaced in PMO and WSSDO and involved inproject planning, implementation, review, andmonitoring (target: all relevant WSSDOs).
PMO, WSSDO(continuous)
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3.2. Designate genderand social inclusionofficer (governmentcounterpart) in DWSS
3.3. Develop urban water
supplyand sanitation genderequalityand social inclusiontrainingManual
3.4. Provide 1-daytrainingworkshop to PMO andWSSDO teams ongender equality and
social inclusion
Institutional capacity of DWSSenhanced on gender mainstreaming andsocial inclusion supported through GESIofficer.
Training manual on gender and social
inclusion produced (includes tools andtechniques for GESI mainstreaming inurban water supply and sanitationsector) and used to train project staff.
At least gender specialists ofPMO andWSSDO officers are trained on genderequality and social inclusion in urbanwater supply and sanitation.
DWSS(continuous)
PMO, NGO
(manual developedwithin 6 months ofcommencement ofPMC services)
PMO, WSSDO(during the designperiod)
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3.5. Develop PPMS thatincludes sex, caste, and
ethnicity disaggregateddata and information
3.6. Develop genderequality and social
inclusionimplementation plan foreach subproject
3.7. Conduct socialaudits by involving dalit,janajati, gendermainstreamingcoordinationcommittees of DDC, andothers
PPMS developed based on STWSSSP-I. Disaggregated data, gender, and social
indicators incorporated into monitoringformats and progress reports.
Implementation plan developed andimplemented effectively, and
periodically reviewed by each subproject(target: all towns).
Benefits to poor, women,disadvantaged, and vulnerable ensuredthrough project activities.
PMO, WSSDO,NGO (PPMS
developed within 9months of granteffectiveness)
PMO, WSSDO,NGO (plan
developed within 6months ofcommencement ofNGO work)
PMO, WSSDO,NGO (during thefirst year operation)
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GESI IN DMF Output 1: Improved, affordable, and sustainable
water supply and sanitation services which aregoverned and managed by locally accountablerepresentative bodiesReduced time for fetching water (essentially to zeroin all towns) by 2015
Output 2: Safe, accessible, and adequate watersupply and sanitation facilities developed in 20
towns12,000 households served through OBA for waterand sanitation connections
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GESI IN DMF (Cont.) Output 3: Governance and capacity strengthened
for project management and operation- Collection and management system for datadisaggregated by sex, caste, and ethnicity
established by 2010- At least 33% representation of women amongWUSC members upon first election- Women, poor, and vulnerable groupsappropriately represented in general assembly orother WUA subgroups in accordance with GESIaction plan- Gender/social development officer designated inPMO/WSSDOs
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GESI Outputs
33% representation of women among WUSC members already achieved.On an average a town has one female representative occupying one keyposition.
Various trainings being carried out for capacity building of WUSCs.Concerns of diverse groups of users addressed by making their
representation in executive committees, zonal committees or wardcommittees. (Total: 99. Male: 63, Female: 36)
Socio-economic profile prepared for Batch I Towns of the Project.
Women, poor, and vulnerable groups appropriately represented in generalassembly or other WUA subgroups in accordance with GESI action plan.
(Total: 3,305. Male: 2,233, Female: 1,072) Social Development Officers/Social Mobilizers already recruited and
engaged in PMO/WSSDOs . (Total: 33. Male: 1, Female: 32)
Urban WSS Policy includes and inter-relates GESI.
GESI training manual being developed and in the process of finalization.
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Challenges
Political Interference
Security situation further deteriorates
Institutionalization of WUSCs not given duepriority by the Government
Enforcement of GESI Action Plan not given duepriority by the Government
Socio-economic structure of the country
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Women Participation in meeting
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Meeting with WUSC
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Agreement signing with WUSC
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Observation Tour ofWUSCs
members
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Thank You