WWE L C O M EE L C O M E
Nepal's Rural Engineering Development: Prospects and
1
Development: Prospects and Opportunity for NEC Graduating
Engineer
Er Bhim Upadhyaya,DDG, DoLIDAR
Engineer & Engineering "Engineering is a great profession. There is the
satisfaction of watching a figment of the imagination emerge through the aid of science to a plan on paper. then it moves to realization in stone or metal or energy. then realization in stone or metal or energy. then it brings homes to men or women. then it elevates the standard of living and adds to the comforts of life. this is the engineer's high privilege."
-Herbert Hoover (Er.) 31st President, USA2
Engineer & Engineering" The great liability of the engineer compared to men
of other professions is that his works are out in the open where all can see them. His acts, step by step, are in hard substance. He cannot bury his mistakes in the grave like the doctors. He cannot argue them into thin air or blame the judge like the lawyers. He cannot, like the architects, cover his failures with trees and vines. He cannot, like the politicians, He cannot, like the architects, cover his failures with trees and vines. He cannot, like the politicians, screen his short-comings by blaming his opponents and hope the people will forget. The engineer simply cannot deny he did it. If his works do not work, he is damned."
-Herbert Hoover, Engineer & 31st President, USA
3
Local Infrastructure and Poverty Local Infrastructure and Poverty ReductionReduction
Poverty Reduction
Local infrastructure
Rural Development
LID Policy, 2061: LID sectorsLID Policy, 2061: LID sectors
Housing,Building &Urban Dev.
SocialInfras.
Local Transport
Local
55
Small
Irrigation
& River
Control
Micro-hydro& AlternativeEnergy
Solid wasteMngt.26
Water Supply &Sanitation
LocalInfras.
USERSUSERS
NGONGO
CONSUL-TANTS (4
International, 20 National,
100
CONSUL-TANTS (4
International, 20 National,
100
Present StakeholdersPresent Stakeholders
DoLIDARDoLIDAR
DONORS (ADBADB, , DFIDDFID, , FINISH,GTZFINISH,GTZ
JICAJICA, , SDCSDC, WB, WB
WFPWFP, UNICEF….), UNICEF….)
DONORS (ADBADB, , DFIDDFID, , FINISH,GTZFINISH,GTZ
JICAJICA, , SDCSDC, WB, WB
WFPWFP, UNICEF….), UNICEF….)
CONTR-ACTORS (More than
100
CONTR-ACTORS (More than
100
100 Individual)
100 Individual)
Budget Budget –– 24 Billion 24 Billion
per year for per year for
infrastructureinfrastructure
Government Organizational Tiers for Rural Road Development
Ministry of Local Dev
Dept of Local Infras Dev & Agri Roads (DoLIDAR)
District Dev Com. Office 75
Municipality 58
District Technical Office 75
Vill. Dev. Com. Office 3915
District Technical Office(Chief/District Engineer)
Organization of DTOs (Headed by SDE in 42 Organization of DTOs (Headed by SDE in 42 Districts and by Engineers in 33 Districts)Districts and by Engineers in 33 Districts)
Rural and Agricultural Road
Section
Water Supply, Sanitation and
Building Section
Irrigation and Other
Infrastructure Development
Section
Account and Administration
Section
DONORS, Intern'l Firms, INGOs in DONORS, Intern'l Firms, INGOs in Rural Infras. Sector Rural Infras. Sector
1.Donors1.Donors�� World Bank, World Bank, �� Asian Development Bank, Asian Development Bank, �� UK's DFID, UK's DFID,
2. International Consulting 2. International Consulting FirmsFirms
�� WSP (British), WSP (British), �� SKAT (Swiss), SKAT (Swiss), �� ITECO (Swiss), ITECO (Swiss), �� UK's DFID, UK's DFID,
�� JICA, JICA, �� SDC,SDC,�� Finland, Finland, �� OPEC Fund, OPEC Fund, �� IFAD, IFAD, �� UN WFPUN WFP
�� ITECO (Swiss), ITECO (Swiss), �� Finland Consulting Group, Finland Consulting Group, �� Ramboll (Finland)Ramboll (Finland)
3. INGOs3. INGOs�� Helvetas, Helvetas, �� GTZGTZ
4. Domestic Consultants4. Domestic Consultantsalmost allalmost all
What is a Project(Public Works)?What is a Project(Public Works)?
A Project has the following A Project has the following attributes… attributes…
�� Objective or GoalObjective or Goal
10
�� TimeTime
�� CostCost
�� Location or space; andLocation or space; and
�� A TeamA Team--work of expertswork of experts
A Project has mainly 3+1 A Project has mainly 3+1 Stakeholders: 4C'sStakeholders: 4C's
1.Client (or Employer) 1.Client (or Employer)
2.Consultant (or Engineer)2.Consultant (or Engineer)
11
3.Contractor (or Consumer 3.Contractor (or Consumer Group)Group)
4.Consumer4.Consumer
Project PhasesProject Phases
1.1. Study (Data collection & Need)Study (Data collection & Need)
2.2. Design Phase (Detailing for Goal)Design Phase (Detailing for Goal)
3.3. Development Phase (InputDevelopment Phase (Input--
12
3.3. Development Phase (InputDevelopment Phase (Input--Output Output MngtMngt.).)
4.4. Operation Phase (Service Mngt.)Operation Phase (Service Mngt.)
PROJECT MGMT(Input & Output)
PROCUREMENTMGMT,Goods, works,services
FINANCIALMGMT
CONTRACTMGMT
PROJECT Management Breakdown
DISBURSEMENT
Mobilization
Insurance
Claim & Refund
Detail Project Report•Selection, Walkover
•EIRR,IEE, Resettlement•Land Acquisition
•Detail Survey, Design•Estimate Approval
13
QLTY/LABMGMT
SITE MGMT
TechnicalAudit
QAP
WORK PLANpaymentin time
Reporting
Mobilization
ContractorsRBG, VIUGConsultants
CONSTRUCTIONMGMT
Procurement
14
Goods Services Works
Phases of Public Works
Works
15
Precons-truction Phase
Construction Phase
Operation and Maintenance
Phase
NASC class on Aspects of Rural Infras Project Managment 066.11.25
16
PreconstructionPhase
Preparationor
Design
Procurement or
Tendering
Contractingor
Agreement
3 Parties Mutual Check and Balance
Project Manager or Client'sRepresentative
Consultant
Contractor17
Representative
Supervisory Hierarchy18
Client
ProjectManager
Engineer
Field Supervisor
Labor
Supervisonof Works
19
Aspects
Process(Quality System or control)
Payment(Cost
Control: directindirect)
Time(Progress)
Performance(Output)
NASC class on Aspects of Rural Infras Project Managment 066.11.25
Scheduling, Gantt, CPM, PERTDrawing, Specification, Lab Tests,
Qualified Supervisors
ConstructionSupervison
Components
20
Money(Finance,Account)
Men(Labor,
Consultants)
Machine(Equipments,
Tools)
Materials(Site Store,Quarry,Fuel)
Opportunity: Nepal's 20 yrs
ROAD VISION
2222
National Rural Roads Network:
52,000 KmOperational Rural Roads:
15,000 Km
Strategic and Local Road Network of Nepal & Accessibility (2hrs; 4 hrs)
National Society of Agri EngineersNational Society of Agri Engineers 2323TB: 4000 Nos.
SRN : 5400 Km(78% Access.)
LRN: 4500 Km (85% Access.)
Planning for all weather accessibility Planning for all weather accessibility
Budget Allocation for MLD in Rs Billion
11.2 13
24
36
42
46
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Rs
billi
onLocal development: trend of budget Local development: trend of budget
allocationallocation
252525
0.27
0.34
0.33
0.33
0.28
0.32
0.44
0.46
0.45
0.32
0.41
0.66
1.11 3.
34
3.62
3.68
3.97
4.14
4.62
3.59 4.84 6.54 7.53 8.5 11
.2 13
2.42
0
5
10
15
038/
3903
9/40
040/
4104
1/42
042/
4304
3/44
044/
4504
5/46
046/
4704
7/48
048/
4904
9/50
050/
5105
1/52
052/
5305
3/54
054/
5505
5/56
056/
5705
7/58
058/
5905
9/60
060/
6106
1/62
062/
6306
3/64
064/
6506
5/66
066/
6706
7/68
068/
69
Fiscal Year
Rs
billi
on
Posting of 1 Engineer and 1 Posting of 1 Engineer and 1
SubSub--engineer in each DDC engineer in each DDC DTO under DDC and
expansion of DoLIDAR
organization
Establishment of Establishment of
DoLIDARDoLIDAR
Local Infrastructure ProgramsLocal Infrastructure Programs
1. District Road Support Programme-DRSP (SDC)
2. Decentralized Rural Infrastructure and Livelihood Program–DRILP (ADB/SDC)
3. Rural Access Improvement and Decentralization Project-RAIDP(WB)
4. Rural Access Program - RAP II(DFID)4. Rural Access Program - RAP II(DFID)
5. Trail Bridge SWAp and Motorable Road Bridge Program
6. Rural Transport Infrastructure Sector Wide Program
7. Road Board Nepal, Road Maintenance Program
8. Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Program –RWSSP
9. Rural Village Water Resource Management Project–RVWRMP(FINIDA)
Local Infrastructure Programs (2)Local Infrastructure Programs (2)
10. Water Supply and Sanitation Project-Western Nepal–WSSP-WN(FINIDA)
11.Rural Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Sector Development Project–RRRSDP (ADB, DFID, OFID, SDC)
12. Peace and Rehabilitation Program12. Peace and Rehabilitation Program
13. Local Infrastructure for Livelihood Improvement-LILI (SDC)
14.Project for Community Access Improvement – JICA
15. Community Irrigation Program – CIP (ADB)
16. Small Irrigation Program
17. Other Infrastructure Program
Rural Roads: Surfacing StatusRural Roads: Surfacing Status
2828Total Length of Rural Roads: 38, 981.45 kmTotal Length of Rural Roads: 38, 981.45 km
Trail Bridges SubTrail Bridges Sub--Sector Sector
Constructed, 4736Constructed, 4736Constructed, 4736Constructed, 4736
Trail Bridge Status Trail Bridge Status Trail Bridge Status Trail Bridge Status
2929
Additional Demand, Additional Demand, Additional Demand, Additional Demand, 6000600060006000
Total, 10736Total, 10736Total, 10736Total, 10736
More than 52,000 km of
30
More than 52,000 km of
Rural Roads
More than 6000 such TB Required
2nd Largest Pedestrian Susp. Bridge 1452m
31
Seasonal Pontoon Bridge
3232
TuinTuin
Gravity Ropeway
Lab Facility
NASC class on Aspects of Rural Infras Project Managment 066.11.25
34
Road Construction Technologies
NASC class on Aspects of Rural Infras Project Managment 066.11.25
3535
Good Quality works in progressGood Quality works in progress36
Difficulties
and
Challenges
Road ill-designed and in Disrepair
38 3838
•Poor-Maintenance and hardships
•12,000km operational road
HilsaHilsa –– HumlaHumla(The most remote bridge in the country)(The most remote bridge in the country)
3939
Longest Suspended BridgeLongest Suspended Bridge
Buwajor Suspended Bridge, KhotangSpan: 350 m, Sunkoshi River
Longest Suspension BridgeLongest Suspension Bridge
Triveni Gurans Bridge, Sindhuli/UdayapurSpan: 350 m, Kamala River
ChuliledarChuliledar ManangManang(TB in the highest altitude 4200m)(TB in the highest altitude 4200m)
4242
Live loads in a Trail BridgeLive loads in a Trail Bridge
4343
Suspension Bridge having highest Free Board of 117m,
Span : 344 m Kushma, Gyadi, Parbat
Opportunity in Opportunity in New NepalNew Nepal
IrrigationIrrigation HousingHousing
Rural ElectrificationRural Electrification
Remaining 75%
IrrigableLand
Houses forall Poor
Electricity connections To Remaining 62%
householdsSchools, Health
posts for all villages
BuildingProsperous
New Nepal
RoadsRoadsWater SupplyWater Supply
Rural telecom ConnectivityRural telecom Connectivity
All VillagesAll Villages40,000/391540,000/3915
VDCsVDCs
Drinking WaterTo 24% Remaining
Habitations
TeleConnectivity
To all remaningvillages
Challenging task is the Challenging task is the evolution of the management evolution of the management
structure for integrated structure for integrated development development
Nepal
Challenge:Challenge: POWER POWER
HydroHydro
Nuclear - 0Hydro ~ 556 MW(0.67% potential)
Coal Thermal 0
Renewable Energy <1 MW
Total ~ 612 MW
ThermalThermal
Distribution Loss
NOW 2025
> 25% <5%
Nepal's Power Sources:
Diesel 55 MW Renewable Renewable EnergyEnergy
Balanced Development of Hydropower Projects Large Hydel Projects
• Seti west 750 MW
• Budhi Gandaki 600
• Kali Gandaki 600
• Aruns 643
• Karnalis 1380
• Pancheswor 6480
Seti Karnali
Kali
Budhi
Andhi
Langtang
Dudhkoshi• Pancheswor 6480
• Dudh Koshi 300
• Andhi Khola 180
• Langtang 218
• U Tamakoshi 309
• 20 Other Big Projects
Total (30 Projects) 12,766MW
Hydel Locations
Pancheswor
Arun
Dudhkoshi
Total Hydropower Potential 83,000 MW
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"The Earth contains enough "The Earth contains enough resources to enable present resources to enable present and future generations to and future generations to live like kings if we but live like kings if we but
5050
live like kings if we but live like kings if we but harness the best harness the best technologies."technologies."
--Buckminister FullerBuckminister Fuller
What is the way out? The significant problems we have,
cannot be solved at the same level of thinking with which we created them.thinking with which we created them.
This is possible through Innovation.
Albert Einstein