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NAPOLEON
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FOCUS QUESTION
Explain Napoleon’s rise to power in Europe, his subsequent defeat, and how the outcome still affects
Europe today.
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Objectives • Explain how Napoleon came to power.• Describe the changes Napoleon made
in France.• Explain why the French strongly
supported Napoleon.• Analyze the events that led to
Napoleon’s downfall.
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Early Life
• Born in Corsica• Attends military
school• Trained for a
military career• Eager to make a
name for himself
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Hero of the Hour• In 1795, Napoleon defeats
royalist rebels attacking National Convention
• Wins stunning victories against the British in Toulon, and conquers most of Italy from the Austrians
• Back home gains popularity• Lost battles against British
in Egypt, but hid the news from the press
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Coup d’Etat
• In November 1799, he carries out a coup d’etat – seizure of power – against the Directory
• Sets up a three-man governing board called the Consulate
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Napoleon Reforms France
• Immediate Changes
–New constitution is approved through plebiscite - vote of the people
–Takes the title First Consul – FOR LIFE!
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In 1804 Napoleon
crowns himself Emperor
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Restoring Order
• Centralizes the government
• Builds roads and canals• To fix economy, sets up
national banking system, efficient tax collection
• Establishes lycées – government run public schools to train officials
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• Signs concordat - agreement - with pope restoring Catholicism in France
• Creates Napoleonic Code - uniform system of laws » These laws limited liberty,
freedom of speech, freedom of the press, and reestablished slavery in the French colonies
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French people are ecstatic!Napoleon gains support
among all social classes.
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Napoleon Builds an Empire
1804-1812
• In 1801, he attempts to retake colony of Saint Domingue but fails
• Sells the Louisiana Territory to US for $ 15 million in 1803
• Gives up on the Americas and concentrates on Europe
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Redraws the map of Europe
• France annexed the Netherlands, Belgium, and parts of Italy and Germany
• Cuts Prussian territory in half and abolished Holy Roman Empire
• Napoleon forces Russia, Austria, Sweden to sign peace treaties
• The expanding empire made the French happy
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Only Britain Remains Untouched
• The British navy SMASHED the French fleet in the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805, ending Napoleon’s plans to invade Britain.
• Napoleon then imposed the Continental System to close European ports to British goods.
• The blockades created some hardships but Britain was able to maintain its trade routes in India and the Americas.
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The French Empire
• Napoleon controls Europe except for Britain, Portugal, Sweden, Ottomans
• Has puppet rulers in some countries, alliances with others
• French Empire reaches largest extent from 1807 to 1812
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