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MussoliniMussolini
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Biography
• Born 1883• WWI• A socialist,
(like his father) then a fascist
• Named after Benito Juarez, Mexican revolutionary
Arrested in 1903 in Basel for vagrancy
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Fascisti
• Fascists: anarchists, communists, unionists, republicans, Catholics, anti-clerics....
• Methods: destroy printing presses of rivals; beat up opponents
• symbol
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Key ideas
• Aggressive nationalism• Belief in action over
thought• Restore the glories of
Rome• End the chaos in Italian
society
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Italy after WWI
• Economy • Living conditions
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Rise to Power
• Elections 1921 Result: 35/535 seats • failure!
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March on Rome 1922
• Troops• Blackshirts• King afraid of Civil war• King hands over
power to Mussolini• Il Duce is born!• Rule by Decree for
one year• Does this follow
“recipe for revolution”?
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Acerbo Law
• Assured a 2/3 majority for the party with the most votes.
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Leadership qualities
• Dynamic public speaker
• Great showman• Used parades and
ritual to captivate his audiences
• Roman greeting
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Totalitarianism
• What is totalitarianism?• Social engineering “The
Engineer of Human Souls”
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Features of Totalitarianism
• Secret Police = OVRA 1927• Restrictions of freedom of speech and the
press• Banned trade unions• Murdered internal challengers• No voting, no consultation• Imperialism
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Lateran Accords 1929
• Pact with the Catholic Church
• Church to control education
• Catholicism official state religion
• Pope gets to rule Vatican
• Why did the Church sign it? Why did Mussolini sign it?
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Quotables
• “Mussolini is always right”• “Law and order”• “Better to be a Lion for a day than a sheep for 100
years”• “To govern Italy you need only policemen and
bands in the streets”• “The Pope? He is one of my helpers. He looks after
the dead. I look after the living.”• “The bullets pass, Mussolini remains.”
(after attempted assassination)
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Key terms to know – Italy in Interwar Years
• Italia Irredenta• The Blackshirts• Mare Nostrum• March on Rome• Il Duce• The Acerbo Law• “Useless or harmful liberties” • The Lateran Accords• The Corporate State
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http://www.loc.gov/rr/print/swann/herblock/object.html
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