Download - Music presentation
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MusicMonica YukSaul Park
Viv Le
Before Music
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Move away from Late Romantic Music (1860-1920)Late romantic music focused on emotion and drama that
emphasized natural inspiration such as feelings.Movement dispersed into series of different music
movements (“isms”) Impressionism
Captures feelings or experience vaguely and mysteriously without attempt of achieving an accurate depiction.
ExpressionismAtonal and dissonant in style. Focused on portraying
emotions and drama.Neo-classism
Incorporated the return Classical Era with clear and structured forms and textures.
Nationalism, Jazz, Electronic, Chance music, etc.
20th Century Classical Music
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The search for new and different modes of expression
Extremely varied in style, technique, genres, and even movements.
Characteristics
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No generalized set of characteristics that can describe 20th century classical music
Atonal in which notes are not related to each other or the mode or key
Incorporation of long pauses Different instrument useExperimentation with different types of soundsIncorporated many forms such as jazz,
ragtime, neoprimitivism, etc.More, more, more!!
Charles Ives (1874-1954)
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“My God! What does sound have to do with music?” – Charles Ives
“Don’t pay too much attention to the sounds – for if you do, you may miss the music.” – George Ives (Father)
Founding father of American Music and a pioneer of modernism
Charles Ives: BackgroundLearned from his
unorthodox father, the town’s band master
Educated at YaleChildhood influences:
chapel hymns, traditional American tunes, town band banalities, etc.
Known as modernist, nationalist, amateur, primitive, neurotic, and paradoxical.
The Fourth Symphony
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Prelude: MaestosoMajestic, triumphic
Comedy: AllegrettoFast
Fugue: Andante moderato con motoSlightly fast with
motionFinale: Largo maestoso
Broadly slow and majestic
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBE40FBF1F469EF6B&feature=plcp
The Fourth Symphony
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“…One of the greatest symphonies ever penned. It is the great American symphony that our critics and conductors have cried out for, and yet the symphony has remained unperformed...” – Composer Bernard Hermann
The Fourth Symphony - influence
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Unprecedented spatial effects: space has become part of the music’s meaning and drama
Surrounding the main orchestra was distant choirs of instrumental groups and voices
Universe Symphony
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Part 1, Past: Formation of the waters and mountains
Part 2, Present: Earth, evolution in nature and humanity
Part 3, Future: Heaven, the rise of all to the Spiritual
Was never finished
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GegWx6L0AfI
Universe Symphony
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Unique structure of a rhythmic grid defined purely by percussion
Different use of instruments
Layering effectsPolyrythmic
The Unanswered Question
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Layering effectsInstrument use
(windpipes and trumpets)
Use of dissonancehttp://www.youtub
e.com/watch?v=tbArUJBRRJ0
Claude Debussy: Background
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Student at the Paris Conservatoire
Won the Prix de Rome
Had a complicated love lifeWife attempted
suicideMistresses
involvedFetes Galantes
Influences
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ImpressionistInspired by the art of
painting but disliked the term impressionist
His nocturnes were based off Whistler’s paintings
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uyZJ3rNb4xM
Literary InfluenceMallarme, Baudelaire,
Verlaine, and Maeterlinck
Jeux
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Written for Diaghilev’s Russian Ballet
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LviYYTK6Apw
His InfluenceUnresolved dissonanceUnrelated chordsOld church modesUnprecedented linguistic plurality of styles and
expression
Arnold Schoenberg: Background
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-Born Austrian, moved to United States in 1932
-Changed name to Schoenberg from German spelling to conform with “American culture”
Arnold Schoenberg: Background
-Was born and raised Jewish
-Rise of Nazi's in Austria (puppet of Germany)
-Described as “degenerate art”
-Forced Schoenberg to move to United States
Early Works-Early works were Orchestral/Operettas
-Operettas- “light in both music and material”-Self taught Composer
Verklärte Nacht (1899)-Translated as “Transfigured Night”-String Sextet (6)-1899-Romantic style, very smooth-Other composers recognized his early works,
for example, Strauss
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iEhzSLTrceI 3:05
Strauss and Mahler-Both influenced
Schoenberg-”Spoke of Mahler
as a saint”-Both these artists
dismissed Schoenberg
-Basically unrecognized Schoenberg :(
The Wife-Married Mathilde Zemlinsky-Sister of composer Alexander Zemlinsky, who
Schoenberg liked-Summer of 1908, she left Schoenberg for another
guy :(-In this Schoenberg reformed his style-Arnold Schoenberg, Das Buch der Hängende
Gärten, Op. 15 (1908)-First piece without any “key”http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9rGUov3Adlk
14:40-String Quartet No. 2 (1908)- end on tonic chords,
but not fully tonal piece
Twelve-Tone
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6pdJRPuoT8g
Twelve-Tone-Rule: Create! (Using all 12 notes)-Rule 2: A note cannot be repeated in a “set”-Prime, Inversion, Retrograde, Retrograde
Inversion
John Cage: Background-American, Born in
Los Angeles-Internship, went
off to Europe-Student of
Schoenberg-Influences show in
Cage's works
Early Works-First pieces are lost, rumored to be very
short Piano pieces-”Complicated math, no sexual appeal”-Created a tone row with 25-note rows-Evidence of Schoenberg's influences
4:33 (1952)-4:33 of “dead silence”-Piece shows importance of environment-”Dead silence” is music because the
audience's reaction and noise was music itself
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7C5qfMfhjZk
Igor Stravinsky
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Born: June 17, 1882Lomonosov,
RussiaDeath: April 6, 1971“… Never influence
the course of music. Stravinsky did. He was always at the end of the rope, pulling everybody along with him” – Harold Schoenberg
“Timeline”
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BalletFirebird (1910)Petrushka (1911)The Rite of Spring (1913)
OperaThe Rake’s Progress (1951)
VocalOedipus Rex (1927)
Oedipus Complex Vs. Electra Complex
30 Petrushka (1910–11)
31A Rake’s Progress (1732-1734) William Hogarth
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Influenced
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Composer of Modern Classical MusicMultiple compositional styles“Revolutionized orchestration”“Reinvented” ballet form:
Incorporated culturesLanguagesLiteratures.
Youtube Time
The Rite Of Spring Firebird
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SA4PpmmnlZQ
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eZ-AxypPnIg&feature=related
Karlheinz Stockhausen
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Born: August 22, 1928 Mödrath, Germany
Death: December 5, 2007
“Any sound can become music if it is related to other sounds…every sound is precious and can become beautiful if I put it at the right place, at the right moment”
“Timeline”
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Momente (1961)Gruppen (1955-1957)Piano Piece XI (1956)Zodiac (1974-75)Helicopter Stretch Quartet (1993)
Influenced -
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Influential to the Post WWII Period – works – adv. musical tendencies of his
timeInnovator and originator of new musicNew ideas & advances w/ electric
soundsInfluenced electromusic artists
Eg. Kraftwerk “A Day in the Life”
Youtube Time
Zodiac Helicopter Stretch Quartet
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IeIipJ1RSd8&feature=results_main&playnext=1&list=PLFE52E77B43F1F697
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=13D1YY_BvWU
OVERALL INFLUENCE- 20th century music is hard to define in terms of musical style.
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Freedom & experimentation w/ styles & forms
The invention of electronic instrumentsAccelerated the development of new
forms of music.
Positive Influences?Amplification Inexpensive
reproduction/transmission/broadcast of music