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Muscular System
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Parts of a Muscle
1. Origin:Point of attachment that does not move when a muscle contracts- usually bone, can be another muscle.
2. Belly: main body- actually contracts
3. Insertion:point of attachment that moves when a muscle contracts.
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Muscle Actions
1. Agonist (prime movers)- move body out of anatomical position (flexors, abductors)
2. Antagonists- move body back to original position
3. Fixators- stabilize other muscles
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Naming Muscles1. Location of the muscle:
anterior, dorsi, oculi=eye, oris=mouth
2. Size and shape:maximus, minimis, lattismus= broad, trapezius (trapezoid), deltoid (delta)
3. Number of origins:biceps (2), triceps (3), quadraceps (4)
4. Origins/ Insertions: tibialis- tibiafemoris- femursternocleidomastoidus-
origin- sternum and clavicle, insterion- mastoid process
5. Direction of fibers:Orbicularis – in an orbit, rectus- run with midline, oblique – angled to midline
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Muscles of the Head and Neck
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Muscle Name
Origin Insertion Action
Frontalis Galae Aponeurotia
Skin/eyebrows Raise eyebrows
Orbicularis Oculi Frontal Maxilla Eyelid Closes eye
Orbicularis Oris Maxilla
Mandible
Lips Kissing muscle
Zygomaticus Zygomatic Corner of lips Smile
Mentallis Mandible Lower lips Protrude lower lips (pout)
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Muscle Name
Origin Insertion Action
Buccinator Mandible
Maxilla
Lips Sucking muscle
(innate)
Platysma Pectorallis Major Lower mandible Lowers jaw
(to speak)
Messeter Zygomatic Mandible Closes jaw
(to speak)
Temporalis Temporal Mandible Holds jaw closed
Pterygoids lateral mediallis internus
Pterygoid plate Mandible Side to side rotational movement
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Muscle Name
Origin Insertion Action
Sternomastoid Sternum/clavicle Mastoid process Lowers chin/rotates ear to chest, flexes head
Semispinalis capitis
Upper thoracic cervical
Upper cervical Extends head
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Muscles of the Chest
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Muscle Name
Origin Insertion Action
Pectorallis Major Clavical sternum ribs 1-6
Humerus Pull arms forward
Serratus anterior Ribs 1-9 Under arms to scapula
Boxer muscles- pulls arms forward and down
Lattisimus dorsi Thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, illiac crest
Humerus Pulls arms down and back
Deltoid Clavicle/ scapula Humerus Raises arms and shoulders (shrugs)
Trapezius Cervical vertebrae
Thoracic vertebrae
Clavicle, scapula Raises shoulders, pulls back shoulders
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Muscle Name
Origin Insertion Action
Rectus Abdominus
Pubis Lower ribs/sternum
Flexes trunk
(bend over)
External oblique
(on each side)
Ribs Illiac crest Together- flex
Separate- rotate
Triceps Brachi Scapula 1 head
Humerus 2 heads
Olecronon process of the ulna
Extends elbow
Biceps Brachi Corecoi process humerus
Radius Flex elbow
Supinate forearm
Brachioradiallis Humerus Radius Flex and rotates forearms
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Muscle Name
Origin Insertion Action
Flexor-carpi Radiallis
Humerus Matacarpals Flex wrist
Flexor Digitorum superficialis
Humerus/ulna Middle phalangies (2-5)
Flex fingers
Flexor Pollicus Longus
Radius Thumb Flexes thumb inward to grasp
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
Humerus 2nd Metacarpal Extends wrist
Extensor digitorum
Humerus Distal phalangies Extends fingers
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Hips and Lower Appendages
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Muscle Name
Origin Insertion Action
Sartoris Illiac spine Medial tibia
(crosses leg)
Flex and rotate thigh, flex knee
Biceps Femoris Illium femur Fibula tibia Extends thigh flexes knee
Quadraceps Femoris
Rectus femoris Illiac spine Patella Extend knee
Vastus laterallis Trochanter (femur)
Patella Extends knee
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Muscle Name
Origin Insertion Action
Vastus mediallus Linea aspera Patella Extends knee
Vastus Intermedius
Femur shaft Patella Extends knee
Gluteus Maximus Illium/ sacrum/ coccyx
Femur Extends thigh and rotates out
Gastrochemius (calf)
Distal femur Calcaneus Extends foot by raising heel
Soleus Tibia Achilles Tendon Extends foot
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Muscle Name
Origin Insertion Action
Tibiallis Anterior Tibia Tarsals Flex foot
Flextor digitorum Tibia Distal phalanges Flexes toe
Extensor digitorum longus
Tibia Middle phalanges Extends toe