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Muscular System NC Chiropractic Assistant Certification Education
Dr. Joe Siragusa
Fundamentals
Ê Anatomy-‐ the study of the parts
Ê Physiology-‐ the study of how the parts function
Ê The Cell-‐ basic unit of life
Ê Atoms (Elements) – Molecules – Cells – Tissue – Organs –
Ê Organ Systems i.e. Skeletal, muscular, nervous, digestive
Fundamentals
Ê Cells have a pre-‐programmed structure and function
Ê Controlled by Innate, Life Force, other
Ê Cells that BALANCE their functions based on the environment are in HOMEOSTASIS (steady-‐state)
Ê Cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems that are maintaining a steady state are in HOMEOSTASIS or HEALTH
Ê The inability to maintain homeostasis is DISEASE
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Subluxation
Ê Spinal dysfunction/misalignment plus nerve interference that prevents homeostasis
Ê May include: Ê Spasm
Ê Inflammation Ê Pain
Ê Swelling
Ê Redness
Ê Heat
Ê Loss of Function (Disease)
Joint Motions
Ê Anatomical Position
Ê Midline Reference
Ê Flexion
Ê Extension
Ê Rotation
Ê Depression
Ê Elevation
Muscle Functions
Ê They only do work when they shorten
Ê Lengthen only passively
Ê Generate heat
Ê Provide cushioning for bone
Ê Cause motion when they cross a joint
Ê Give the body shape
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Muscle Physiology
Ê Use sugar for energy
Ê Require oxygen EXCEPT for short periods of work
Ê Produce lactic acid as a waste product
Ê Cramps
Ê Blood flow removes waste products
Skeletal Muscle Cells
Ê Muscle Cells
Ê Contraction
Ê Nerve Impulse
Ê Muscle shortens
Ê Tendons connect to bones
Ê Cross Joints to cause motion
Skeletal Muscle Tissue
Ê Stretch
Ê Responds to stress
Ê Tendon
Ê Belly
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Skeletal Muscles
Ê Muscles-‐ we will review only the major skeletal muscles with an emphasis on the most clinically relevant to the CA
Muscles and Motions
Ê TMJ Ê Elevation – Masseter, Temporalis
Ê Depression – Platysma
Muscles and Motions
Ê Cervical Ê Rotation – Sternocleidomastoid
Ê Flexion – Sternocleidomastoid
Ê Extension – Erector Spinae
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Muscles and Motions
Ê Trunk
Ê Flexion-‐ Abdominals, SCM
Ê Extension-‐ Erector Spinae (Paravertebral Muscles)
Muscles and Motions
Ê Shoulder 1. Extension – Triceps
2. Flexion-‐ Biceps
3. Elevation – Trapezius (Shrug and trigger points)
4. Abduction – Deltoid and Suprapinatous (Rotator Cuff)
5. Adduction – Lattissimus Dorsi (Swimmer’s)
6. Internal Rotation with Flexion – Pectoralis Major
1 2
3
4
4
5
5
6
Muscles and Motions
Ê Shoulder 1. Extension – Triceps
2. Flexion-‐ Biceps
1 2
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Muscles and Motions
Ê Shoulder 3. Elevation – Trapezius (Shrug and trigger points)
4. Abduction – Deltoid and Suprapinatous (Rotator Cuff)
5. Adduction – Lattissimus Dorsi (Swimmer’s)
4 4
5
5
3
Muscles and Motions
Ê Shoulder 6. Internal Rotation with Flexion – Pectoralis Major
(Bench Press)
6
Muscles and Motions
Ê Elbow Ê Flexion-‐ Biceps Ê Extension-‐ Triceps
Ê Wrist and Fingers Ê Flexion-‐ Flexors
(medial)(Golf)
Ê Extension-‐ Extenders (lateral) (Tennis)
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Muscles and Motions
Ê Hip Ê Flexor-‐ Quadricep and Psoas
Ê Extensor-‐ Gluteus Maximus
Psoas
Quadriceps
Gluteus Maximus
Muscles and Motions
Ê Knee Ê Extensor-‐ Quadriceps
Ê Flexor-‐ Hamstrings
Quadriceps Hamstrings
Patellar Tendon
Muscles and Motions
Ê Ankle Ê Plantar Flexor-‐ Gastrocnemius (Achilles Tendon)
Ê Dorsi-‐Flexion-‐ Tibialis Anterior
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Muscles and Motions
Ê Diaphragm Ê Major muscle of respiration
Ê Separates chest from abdomen
Ê “Stitch” from running
Ê Hiatal hernia
Smooth and Cardiac Muscle
Ê Smooth Ê Involuntary Ê Internal organs
Ê Cardiac Ê Involuntary Ê Only in the heart
Ê Unique in the way it conducts electricity
Review
Ê Bowling-‐ shoulder motions
Ê Pull downs at the gym
Ê Situp
Ê Kicking a football
Ê Throwing a baseball (complex)
Ê Curls at the gym
Ê Pushup