Muscles of the Cranium, Muscles of the Cranium, Face and NeckFace and Neck
(Which Influence Surface Form)(Which Influence Surface Form)
Muscles of the CraniumMuscles of the Cranium
Occipitofrontalis Muscle (Epicranius): 1Occipitofrontalis Muscle (Epicranius): 1
Muscles of MasticationMuscles of Mastication
Temporalis: 2Temporalis: 2
Masseter: 2Masseter: 2
Muscles of the EyelidMuscles of the Eyelid
Orbicularis Oculi: 2Orbicularis Oculi: 2
Corrugator: 2Corrugator: 2
Levator Palpebrae Superioris: 2Levator Palpebrae Superioris: 2
Muscles of the NoseMuscles of the Nose
Procerus: 1Procerus: 1
Muscles of the MouthMuscles of the MouthOrbicularis Oris: 1Orbicularis Oris: 1
Levator Labii Superioris Alaeque Nasi: 2Levator Labii Superioris Alaeque Nasi: 2
Levator Labii Superioris: 2Levator Labii Superioris: 2
Zygomaticus Minor: 2Zygomaticus Minor: 2
Muscles of the Mouth (cont’d)Muscles of the Mouth (cont’d)
Levator Anguli Oris: 2Levator Anguli Oris: 2
Zygomaticus Major: 2Zygomaticus Major: 2
Buccinator:2Buccinator:2
Risorius: 2Risorius: 2
Depressor Anguli Oris (Triangularis):2Depressor Anguli Oris (Triangularis):2
Depressor Labii Inferioris (Quadratus):2Depressor Labii Inferioris (Quadratus):2
Mentalis: 1Mentalis: 1
Muscles of the NeckMuscles of the Neck
Platysma: 2Platysma: 2 Platysmal SulciPlatysmal Sulci
Sternocleidomastoideus (SCM): 2Sternocleidomastoideus (SCM): 2
Digastricus: 2Digastricus: 2
Reference to a PhotographReference to a Photograph
Professional PortraitsProfessional Portraits
SnapshotsSnapshots
Profile ViewProfile View
Three-quarter ViewThree-quarter View
Frontal ViewFrontal View
Inversion of the PhotographInversion of the Photograph
HighlightHighlight
ShadowShadow
Normal LightingNormal Lighting
Directional LightingDirectional Lighting
Flat LightingFlat Lighting
Surface Bones of the CraniumSurface Bones of the Cranium
Occipital: Foramen MagnumOccipital: Foramen Magnum
Parietal: Parietal EminenceParietal: Parietal Eminence
Temporal: SquamaTemporal: Squama
Anatomical Structures for Anatomical Structures for Accurate Location of the EarAccurate Location of the Ear
1)1) external auditory meatusexternal auditory meatus
2)2) zygomatic archzygomatic arch
3)3) mandibular fossa (glenoid fossa)mandibular fossa (glenoid fossa)
4)4) mastoid processmastoid process
Frontal BoneFrontal Bone
2 portions: vertical and horizontal2 portions: vertical and horizontal
Eminences:Eminences: A) frontal eminences (2)A) frontal eminences (2) B) superciliary arches (2)B) superciliary arches (2) C) glabella (1)C) glabella (1) D) supraorbital margins (2)D) supraorbital margins (2)
Surface Bones of the FaceSurface Bones of the Face
zygomatic bones (2)zygomatic bones (2)
nasal bones (2)nasal bones (2)
maxilla (2): nasal spinemaxilla (2): nasal spine 4 processes: frontal, zygomatic, alveolar4 processes: frontal, zygomatic, alveolar
palatinepalatine
mandible (1): 3 divisionsmandible (1): 3 divisions 1) body1) body 2) ramus2) ramus 3) angle of the mandible3) angle of the mandible