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MSG342
Site and Server Consolidation with Exchange 2003
Kieran McCorry
Principal Consultant
Technology Leadership Group
Hewlett-Packard Company
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Why Consolidate?
Reduce complexity
Lower administration costs
Reduce the amount of hardware
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Consolidation
Two main approachesMoving servers into single, or fewer, location(s) = site consolidation
Building bigger servers = server consolidation
Real world is a little of both
Risk! more eggs in fewer baskets
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Risk Mitigation
Protecting the “more eggs in fewer baskets” The Essentials
Application architectureWhat does Exchange 2003 bring to the partyMaking the party rock with Outlook 2003
Hardware resilienceStorage expandabilityPerformanceDisaster RecoveryRemote Management
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Application Architecture
Exchange 2000 enables consolidation
Exchange Server 2003 builds on thatEspecially when combined with Outlook 2003
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Exchange Server 2000
Exchange Server 2000Multiple Storage Groups (SGs)
Segmentation of database services
Up-to four SGs per server
Up-to five databases per SG
Multiple databasesSmaller databases = quicker recovery
databases per server
Front-end/Back-end serversConfigure servers based on role
Bigger servers = huge consolidation over Exchange 5.5
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Exchange Server 2003
Exchange Server 2003Storage: Same as Exchange Server 2000
Recovery Storage GroupGet ‘dial-tone’ quickly
8-node clustering in Windows Server 2003 Enterprise edition
Volume Shadow Copy Service (VSS)Fast snapshot/fast-recovery
Does not completely replace good backups!
Even bigger servers with fast recovery!
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Outlook Today…What problems need addressing?
Outlook does not meet the needs of today’s mobile information workers
Why do problems occur?Current model assumes perfect networksInformation workers are on unpredictable networksSlow or high latency links RPC interchange fragile, susceptible to timeouts
How to address the problem?Build a smarter network clientInsulate client from network in a seamless way
Requires servers deployed near the client
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Making it Outlook smarter
Exploit offline capabilityDefault today is online, which is chatty and fragileOffline is inherently more tolerant and fasterInsulates client from network issues
Ease of useUser should not have to worry about network conditionsIt should be seamless
Get better at synchronizationNo unnecessary dataBetter fault toleranceIntelligent replication behavior
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Cached mode
Shield user from network conditionsOutlook runs against an OST for folders in your mailbox and optionally public folder favorites
All of your data is replicated down to the local OST
Classic “Online” features are available (Calendaring, Public Folders, Delegate Access)
Use the Offline Address Book (OAB) for basic addressing functions when appropriate
Server demand shifts to replicationOnce data is in cache, all access is localLots of server side work done to improve replication in order that users never need go online
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Cached mode featuresNew options for data replication
Full itemHeader Only (plus first 255 bytes of message)“Drizzle” (header followed by full item)
Dynamic State managementNetwork state determines replication behaviorWindows Network connection manager reports state
LAN/NonLANUser-controllable
Bandwidth ProfilesSlow (non-LAN), headers only (except PIMs)Fast (LAN), full item or drizzle
Status indicates current mode
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Connection possibilities
Online direct connectionAs today, temporary network loss tolerable
Online cached connection via OSTCache acts as buffer between client and network
Network loss not an issue
OfflineAs today, Send/Receive Groups, network loss not an issue
Hybrid Cached and Send/Receive GroupsFilter content and folder replication characteristics
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Offline Address Book Used if previously downloaded; otherwise reverts to “normal” mechanism
Global Address List PropertiesDisconnected and no OAB = work offline
Subset of properties availableServer contacted as required
Cached mode only!Example: Address Lists, custom attributes
Cached mode will ask for updates every 24 hoursNo updates for Slow bandwidth profileAddress picker window new!
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Cached mode — setup
Policy settings control behaviorCheck box and UI
Synchronization frequency thresholds
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Is cached mode for you?Situations where cached mode may not be suitable
Is your desktop operating system up-to-date?Windows 2000 SP3 or XP
Do you roam?Your OST may not always be there!
Do you horde information?Large OSTs take time to rebuild and eventually become cumbersome
Do you seldom read your mail?Large synchronizations will occur
Are desktops locked down?Maybe you can’t create an OST?
You are dealing with a replica?Is this ok with you? You may WANT to know about network problems!Delegates always access the server mailbox…
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Replication improvementsMaking cached mode feasible
Reduce server round trips, fewer bytes on wire
Header-only replication
MAPI Compression and Buffer PackingExchange 2003 only
Registry key to set threshold and disable
Tests showed 70% reduction in bytes on wire for common synchronization functions (Exchange Server 2003 required)
Best Body Support
ICS Checkpointing
Smart Change Synchronization
Skip Bad Items
Pre-Synchronization Reporting
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Compression, buffer packing
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Other neat stuffSearch folders
Virtual views of entire mailboxClient and server side search folders
Conflict resolution engineFewer “crossed swords”Separate “conflicts” folder
Client side junk mail processingCan set trusted senders and recipients
RPC over HTTPSupplied by the operating systemAll components must support it!
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Outlook 2003 and ExchangeOutlook feature Exchange 5.5 Exchange 2000 Exchange
2003
Search folders X X X
Cached mode X X X
MAPI compression X
Buffer packing X
Kerberos authentication
X
Best body support X
Performance tracking X
ICS check pointing TBD TBD X
Smart change synchronization
X X X
Skip bad items TBD X
Pre-synchronization reporting
X
Integration with virus checking API
X
RPC over HTTP X
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OWA – design goalsPerformance
Fewer bytes over wire, better user experience
Compatibility with Outlook 2003Easier to move between two clients
Similar features
SecurityMake it viable from the Internet
Encryption and digital signing
Web Beacons, Attachment handling
Kerberos and Smart Card Single Sign On
Feature requestsTasks, Rules, Spell Check, etc.
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OWA 2003 user interface
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And with a little bit of magic…
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Other cool stuff
Server side spell checkingRich client only (6 languages…)
Web beacon blocking
Secured Attachment handling (like Outlook)
S/MIME support
Forms or “cookie” authenticationCan set timeouts for Kiosk type use
GZIP compression
ThemesAllow private branding of OWA
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GZip compression in action
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hp-branded OWA
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Outlook 2003
Co-engineered with Exchange 2003Data-compression when used with Exchange 2003
Replication improvementsItem level checkpointing & smart-change synch
Better, lighter, network usage
Enables users to distance themselves from the server
Equates to elimination/consolidation of sites
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Application Architecture
Bottom Line…
Ability to reduce the number of sites
Could lead to reduction in servers
For pre-Exchange 2000 environment, definite reduction in number of servers
Exchange 2003 and Outlook 2003 bring even more consolidation possibilities
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Hardware Resilience
Look to Industrial Strength servers
Designed to be rack mounted not ambidextrous not oversized pedestal
Hot-swappable everything (ALL fans, ALL power, ALL disks, etc.)
Easy access (front and back)
Sensible layout
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Storage Expandability
Plan for growth
Plan for disasters
Treat Storage as a serviceSpecial Room
Special Network
Special Personnel
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Performance
Some stuff is common senseHigh speed servers
SAN-based storage
LAN-free backups (recovery)
Functional Segmentation
Sizing from deployment experience and local knowledge
don’t believe everything you read
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Disaster Recovery
Again, solid hardware
Data recoveryDisk based
Tape based
SAN-based “snapshots”Make use of VSS with Exchange 2003
pmCompaq Exchange implementationHardware combined with Exchange Server 2000 features have eliminated 90% of the down time
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Remote Management
Secure/Standard remote access via SSL/PKI
Remote Power Up/Off
Remote “console”
Remote installation using remote mediaVirtual Floppy
Virtual CD media
Remote installation of OS, apps
Ship hard steel, build remotely
“Close the door and weld it shut”
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Set your expectations
Overall “Users per server” may not be as low as you think
Remote locations may require local serverPolitics, necessity, bandwidth
Exchange 2003/Outlook 2003 may help!
Large sites benefit the mostpmCompaq 6:1 reduction in Exchange servers
Reduction in server administration
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HP world-wide support staff
>200,000 environment
Active Directory/Infrastructure: ~20 peopleAD, DHCP, WINS, DNS
Exchange/Messaging: ~35 peopleIncludes remote locations with low bandwidth
Includes countries with no-remote policies
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How we do it
Standard hardware models
Ship bare ironRILOE (“RIBs”)
Smart Scripting for unattended installs
Remote installations via RILOE and virtual media
Use Terminal Services or PC-Duo
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Exchange Servers
Most important thing is recovery from disaster (99999 availability)
3,000 – 4,000 users per server is “sweet spot”
No single database over 20GB
<1 hour recovery
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What about Clustering?
For some applications it’s greatSQL Server
DHCP servers
Etc.
For Exchange? Maybe, maybe not…Increase cost & complexity for small gain
Mitigates hardware failureSee earlier comments on world-class hardware
Doesn’t help if database fails
However, VSS and 8-way in Windows Server 2003 Enterprise…may need to reconsider clustering.
Microsoft 7-way clusters: 16,000 users
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Belligerent Management
Test your backups
Test your local Disaster Recovery (DR) plan
Test off-site DR recovery
Monitor the systems
Know your performance
Lab everything before deploying
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Belligerent Control
Operating System versions Typical for most shops
Applications versionsAgain, typical
Bios VersionsAlso typical
Hardware Typically neglected
hardware versions?
adapter versions?
storage systems?
Control leads to reliability
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How you succeed
World-Class solutionsTake advantage of application improvements
Industrial strength hardware
High-speed, world-class, (and affordable) SANs
Industry leading, experienced services
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Final Note
Mileage may vary!Test it
Stress it
Scale it
Never consider it “done” until you’ve seen it in production!
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Thank You!
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Community Resources
Community Resourceshttp://www.microsoft.com/communities/default.mspx
Most Valuable Professional (MVP)http://www.mvp.support.microsoft.com/
NewsgroupsConverse online with Microsoft Newsgroups, including Worldwidehttp://www.microsoft.com/communities/newsgroups/default.mspx
User GroupsMeet and learn with your peershttp://www.microsoft.com/communities/usergroups/default.mspx
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evaluationsevaluations
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© 2003 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.© 2003 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.This presentation is for informational purposes only. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, IN THIS SUMMARY.This presentation is for informational purposes only. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, IN THIS SUMMARY.