Download - MPI internal seminar 26.05.2010
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A general introduction to the EU-project 'HYPOX' and some results obtained during leg 15-1 of RV 'Maria S. Merian‘
F. Janssen1, J. Fischer1, M. Holtappels1, A. Lichtschlag1, F. Wenzhoefer1,2, J.-F. Rolin3, S. Le Reste3, A. Boetius1,2
1Max-Planck-Institute for Marine Microbiology2Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research3Ifremer, France
....MPI internal seminar 26.05.2010
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introduction to the EU-project HYPOX»In situ monitoring of oxygen depletion in hypoxic ecosystems of coastal and open seas, and land-locked water bodies«
.........
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HYPOX - some facts 16 partners from 11 nations 3 years duration (2 years left) budget / EU contribution:
4.7 / 3.5 million Euro coordination:
A. Boetius, F. Janssen (MPI/AWI) & C. Waldmann (Marum)
....introduction to EU-project HYPOXwww.hypox.net
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motivation: why study hypoxia?
Photograph by Zhou Chao/EPA
fish mass mortality in eutrophied waters of Lake Guanqiao, China
....introduction to EU-project HYPOXwww.hypox.net
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motivation: why study hypoxia?
Photograph by Zhou Chao/EPA
fish mass mortality in eutrophied waters of Lake Guanqiao, China
The Epoch Times, Jul 12, 2007The Epoch Times, Jul 12, 2007““On July 11, On July 11, pollutionpollution and extreme and extreme hot weatherhot weather caused the sudden death of over 100,000 caused the sudden death of over 100,000 kilograms of fish in Guanqiao Lake…”kilograms of fish in Guanqiao Lake…”
....introduction to EU-project HYPOXwww.hypox.net
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why study hypoxia: a more global view
Diaz & Rosenberg, Science 321 (2008)
....introduction to EU-project HYPOXwww.hypox.net
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why study hypoxia: a more global view
Diaz & Rosenberg, Science 321 (2008)
....introduction to EU-project HYPOXwww.hypox.net
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hypoxia, eutrophicationeutrophication & global global warmingwarminghigh nutrient supplyincreased primary production and organic matterexporthigh remineralizationrates and O2 demand anaerobic processes and release of greenhouse gaseswarmingnutrient releasefrom anoxic sediments
warming of surface waters
reduced O2 solubility and supply to deep waters
enhanced stratification and reduced vertical
mixingincreased metabolic
rates and O2 demand
changes in wind fields and wind-
driven mixing
....introduction to EU-project HYPOXwww.hypox.net
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....introduction to EU-project HYPOXwww.hypox.net
O2
general approach:monitoring – field campaigns - modeling
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observatory sites: open and coastal seas & land-locked water bodies
....introduction to EU-project HYPOXwww.hypox.net
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observatory sites: open and coastal seas....introduction to EU-project HYPOXwww.hypox.net
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observatory sites: land-locked water bodies
....introduction to EU-project HYPOXwww.hypox.net
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RV Maria S. Merian, Leg 15-1:scientific aims, methods applied, and first results
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Cruise track (7.4.-8.5.2010)(Cyprus – Heraklion…)…Istanbul – Eregli – Sevastopol - Istanbul
.... introduction to Maria S. Merian cruise leg MSM15-1
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ParticipantsMPI (habitat/MPG-HGF, Nutrient, Microsensor)MARUM, IBSS (UA), ITU (TR), INGV (IT), Eawag (CH), Ifremer (FR), IFM-GEOMAR
.... introduction to Maria S. Merian cruise leg MSM15-1
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overall scientific aimresponse of Black Sea ecosystems to oxygen availability: biogeochemistry, microbial processes, microbial and metazoan communities, geochemistry
.... introduction to Maria S. Merian cruise leg MSM15-1
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working areas of cruise leg MSM15-1Bosporus outlet & Crimean Shelf
.... introduction to Maria S. Merian cruise leg MSM15-1
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working area: Bosporus outlet.... introduction to Maria S. Merian cruise leg MSM15-1
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working area: Bosporus outlet.... introduction to Maria S. Merian cruise leg MSM15-1
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Bosporus outlet: scientific focus water column biogeochemistry at the
oxic / anoxic transition & the effect of the intrusion of oxygenated Mediterranean waters
indications of present and past oxygen and redox conditions in the sedimentary record and in faunal assemblages
.... introduction to Maria S. Merian cruise leg MSM15-1
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Bosporus outlet water column:methods applied
CTDCTD
free-falling free-falling pump CTDpump CTD
phot
os: Z
eyne
p Er
dem
....introduction to Maria S. Merian cruise leg MSM15-1
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Gravity corerGravity corer MultipleMultipleCorerCorer ph
otos
: Zey
nep
Erde
m a
nd F
elix
Jans
sen
BoxBoxCorerCorer
Bosporus outlet sediments:methods applied
....introduction to Maria S. Merian cruise leg MSM15-1
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working area Crimean Shelf
originallyoriginallyplanned areaplanned area
substitute area substitute area after original after original area was area was blocked by blocked by military exercisemilitary exercise
....introduction to Maria S. Merian cruise leg MSM15-1
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Crimean Shelf bathymetry....introduction to Maria S. Merian cruise leg MSM15-1
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Crimean Shelf bathymetry....introduction to Maria S. Merian cruise leg MSM15-1
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Crimean shelf: scientific focustaking the Crimean Shelf as a natural laboratory to investigate ecosystem response to hypoxia
.......
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scientific focus site characterization: monitoring of oxygen
gradients and dynamics (MPI, INGV, MARUM) ecosystem response to changing oxygen
concentrations: biogeochemistry & microbial processes (MPI)
hypoxia-driven shifts in microbial & faunal communities and biodiversity (IBSS, MPI)
depth / oxygen limit for the distribution of meiofauna organisms (IBSS)
.......
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site characterization:monitoring of oxygen gradients and dynamics
........
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exploratory dives with »JAGO«....monitoring oxygen gradient and dynamics
phot
o: D
. Don
is
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....monitoring oxygen gradient and dynamics
exploratory dives with »JAGO«
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CTD casts: O2-distribution snapshots....monitoring oxygen gradient and dynamics
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....monitoring oxygen gradient and dynamics
CTD casts: O2-distribution snapshots
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moorings: oxygen time series....monitoring oxygen gradient and dynamics
current meterwith O2 sensor
CTDs
anchor weight
buoyancy
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....monitoring oxygen gradient and dynamics
example time series (135m)
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current velocity and direction....monitoring oxygen gradient and dynamics
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Multi Fiber Optode (»MuFO«):oxygen gradient dynamics
....monitoring oxygen gradient and dynamics
phot
os: D
. Don
is
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Multi Fiber Optode (»MuFO«)oxygen gradient dynamics (150m)
....monitoring oxygen gradient and dynamics
J. Fi
sche
r, un
publ
ished
dat
a
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site characteristics:no stable cross shelf oxygen gradient but highly dynamic distributionfollow up questions:how active is the benthic community in making use of the oxygen while it is available?is the benthic oxygen consumption significantly influencing bottom water O2?
....monitoring oxygen gradient and dynamics
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BBL profiler: role of benthic boundary layer for oxygen transport to the sediment
....monitoring oxygen transport and benthic activity
sensor-equipped slide: O2-sensors (optodes) CTD ADV Microsensors watersampling portse.g. nutrients,methane, N2/Arg
Photograph: M. Holtappels
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BBL profiler: role of benthic boundary layer for oxygen transport to the sediment
M. Holtappels, unpublished data
135 m water depth,hypoxic conditions
....monitoring oxygen transport and benthic activity
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micro-micro-profilerprofiler
phot
os: R
. Nor
th, K
. Hiss
man
n, M
. Bus
ack
....monitoring oxygen transport and benthic activity
microsensor and chamber measurements: sediment oxygen distribution and uptakebenthicbenthic
chamberchamber
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microsensor and chamber measurements: platforms used
....monitoring oxygen transport and benthic activity
benthic benthic crawler crawler »»MOVEMOVE««
moored moored frameframe
phot
os: D
. Don
is, K
. Hiss
man
n
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microsensor profile examples (100m)....monitoring oxygen transport and benthic activity
A. Lichtschlag + F. Wenzhöfer, unpublished data
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microsensor profile examples (100m)....monitoring oxygen transport and benthic activity
A. Lichtschlag + F. Wenzhöfer, unpublished data
diffusive O2 uptake rate~ 6.1 ±4.1 mmole m-2 d-1
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chamber incubation example (100m)....monitoring oxygen transport and benthic activity
total O2 uptake rate~ 6.6 mmole m-2 d-1
A. Lichtschlag + F. Wenzhöfer, unpublished data
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oxygen consumption characteristics:low benthic activityfollow up question:lack of organic matter or lack of benthic communities to use it?
....monitoring oxygen transport and benthic activity
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abundant fluffy organic matter rich layers
....why is there low benthic activity?
phot
os: R
. Stie
ns
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spots of organic matter accumulation....why is there low benthic activity?
phot
os: J
. Sch
auer
, D. D
onis
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hypothesis:oscillating oxygen concentrations and temporary hypoxia / anoxia prevents theestablishment of an active benthic communityfollow up question:to which extent is that true for the metazoan fauna? which abundances / biomasses / diversities are found and is that related to oxygen avalability?
....why is there low benthic activity?
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cooperation with Ukrainian Scientistsduring leg MSM15-1IBSS-Scientists joining:
phot
os: F
. Jan
ssen
, K. H
issm
ann
Prof. Prof. N. SergeevaN. Sergeeva
Dr. M. GulinDr. M. Gulin
Dr. S. Dr. S. MazlumyanMazlumyan
....metazoan community response to oxygen
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summary pronounced oxygen dynamics:
hypoxia at the crimean shelf is transient with unspecific location
benthic community rather inactive –effect of recurrent hypoxia / anoxia?
longer time series needed to fully understand effective location of oxic / hypoxic / anoxic zones
........
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methodological outlook:monitoring with »floating observatories«
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phot
o: M
. Bus
ack
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floating observatories: first data.....outlook
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floating observatories: drift.....outlook
J.-F.
Rol
in &
S. L
e Re
ste,
unp
ublis
hed
data
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acknowledgements European Commission
(FP7 grant 226216 »HYPOX«) German Research Foundation (DFG) Max Planck Society Microsensor group TAs
........