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More Than 60 Published
Studies InMedical Literature
SMOKING & REPRODUCTION
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SMOKING & FEMALE INFERTILITY
Meta analysis (25 studies)- Smoking reduce the natural fertility- Earlier menopause(average 2 years) Damage of ovarian reserve increase with smoking- Increase in risks for ectopic
pregnancy and spontaneous abortion
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SMOKING & FEMALE INFERTILITY
Women who quit smoking before or duringpregnancy reduce the risk for adversereproductive outcomes,including
Difficulties in becoming pregnant.- Infertility- PROM- Preterm delivery- Low birth weight
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SMOKING & MALE INFERTILITY(ASRM=AFS 2001)
Heavy smoking countributes to- Development of impotence
Abnormal semenogram- Decreased spermy count
alteration in motility and increase in the abnormal forms
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SMOKERS & ART A prospective cohort study (Zitzman et al 2001)
High basal and post cc serum FSHWeak ovarian response to stimNeed higher doses of GNImpaired fertilization and delayed conception
resulted from- Interference with gametogenesis- Failure of implantation- Early miscarriage
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HOW SMOKING AFFECT FERTILITY
Maternal smoking affects- In utro ovary female fetuses- Reduced Semen Quality and Testis Size in
Adulthood (Jensen 2004)
Increase ROS inside Graafian follicle
Affect meiotic maturation of human oocytes
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HOW SMOKING AFFECTFETILITY
Interfere with estrogen synthesis
Endothelial abnormalities (atherogenic and thrombotic problems)
Oocytes (pre-zygotic genetic damage)
Sperm DNA damage (substances in smoke)
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UPDATE METERNAL SMOKING
Increases the risk of asthma during the first 7 years of life(Laurberg P.2004)
Impairment of iodine Nutrition in Breast-Fed Infants (Nohr ,2004)
Increased risk for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
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In their meta-analysis, Waylen et. al. evaluadet 17 studies end showed in aggregate significantly lower odds of live birth per cycle (OR 0.54,95% CI 0.30-0.99), and significantly higher odds of spontaneous miscarriage (OR 2.65, 95% CI 1.53-5.30 ) in women who smoked.
Human Reprod update 2009;15
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Benedict et al measured cotinine, a nicotine metabolite, in follicular fluid collected during 3270 IVF treatment cycles from 1909 non-smoking women between 1994 and 2003 to examine the relationship between secondhand tobacco smoke exposure and implantation failure. They reported a 52% in- crease in the risk of implantation failure among women exposed to STS compared with those unexposed. They also found a 25% decrease in the odds for a live birth among STS-exposed women
Hum Reprod 2011;26
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The summary point is that women trying to get pregnant should stop smoking, but non-smoking women, too, should remove themselves from chronic exposure to secondhand smoke.
Fertil Steril 2012;97