Monday, 19 SeptemberChapter 11 The Endocrine System
King DS, Sharp RL, Vukovich MD, Brown GA, Reifenrath TA, Uhl NL, Parsons KA . Effect of oral androstenedione on serum testosterone and adaptations to resistance training in young men: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 1999; 281(21):2020-8
Two 1QQs returned on PianoLab this week: Analyzing a research paper + First Endocrine Case study.Lab next week: Four more cases in endocrinology
Pick up your photocopy from the Piano, read it before lab!
Wednesday, 21 SeptemberChapter 6 The Nervous System
Read sections A and B
1QQ # 6 for 8:30
1. TSH stimulates
a) The thyroid gland to take up iodide
b) the synthesis and secretion of thyroglobulin
c) The uptake of thyroglobulin from the colloid
d) Follicular cells of the thyroid gland to grow
e) The hypothalamus to secrete more TRH. OR
2. In response to a drop in blood pressure
a) Juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney secrete less renin
b) Elevated levels of aldosterone stimulate thirst
c) Newly-formed angiotensin I causes vasoconstriction
d) Elevated levels of aldosterone promote Na+ retention by the kidneys
e) The liver produces more Angiotensin II.
Write the number of the one question you choose to answer.
1QQ # 6 for 9:30
1. TSH stimulates
a) The thyroid gland to take up iodide
b) the synthesis and secretion of thyroglobulin
c) The uptake of thyroglobulin from the colloid
d) Its target cells to incorporate more Na+/K+ ATPase into their membranes
e) The hypothalamus to secrete more TRH. OR
2. In response to a drop in blood pressure
a) Juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney secrete less renin
b) Elevated levels of Angiotensinogen stimulates thirst
c) Newly-formed angiotensin I causes vasoconstriction
d) Elevated levels of aldosterone promote Na+ retention by the kidneys
e) The liver produces more Angiotensin II.
Write the number of the one question you choose to answer.
Fig. 11.12a
Receives inputfrom manyregions ofbrain; many factorsAffect its functionHomeostatsis center.
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Fig. 11.12b
Vasopressin (= Antidiuretic hormone)Oxytocin
NeurohypophysisAdenohypophysis
6
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Tropic hormones control the function
Trophic hormones promote survival and growth of targets
Releasing Hormone
Release-inhibiting Hormone
Hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system
A
A
S S
P
P
PPPPP
PPPP
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Tropic hormones control the function
Trophic hormones promote survival and growth of targetsReleasing Hormone Release Inhibiting Hormone
Long
-loop
neg
ativ
e fe
edba
ck
Sho
rt-lo
op N
eg. F
eed.
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Who Cares?
• Symptoms of hypothyroidism
• Levels of TSH and TH?
• Explain enlarged thyroid gland
• Cause: Inadequate dietary intake of iodine
• Treatment?
EndemicGoiter
TRH
TSH
T3 & T4
Goiter
Elevates basal metabolic rate,potentiates response to EPI
If hypothyroid during pregnancy…cretinism = congenital hypothyroidism
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Classification of Endocrine disorders
•Hypersecretion– Primary– Secondary
•Hyposecretion– Primary– Secondary
CRH
ACTH
Cortisol
hypothalamus
Anterior pituitary
Adrenal Cortex
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Who else Cares?
Aunt Dot S 5
T3 and T4 from Thyroid gland
TSH from Ant. Pit.
TRH from Hypothal.
⇧Metabolic rate
⇧Temperature⇧sensitivity to EPI (up-regulation of adrenergic receptors)
⇧Heart rate and ⇧Blood Pressure
⇧Lipolysis and fuel mobilization Weight loss
The cause: Abnormal Immunoglobulins in patient activate TSH receptors on Thyroid cells
⇩
⇩
Grave’s Disease
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Blood test:TSH levels lowTH levels high
Grave’s Disease
Treatment:Radioactive IodineMechanism:……..
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⇧Cortisol secretion from Adrenal Cortex
Mobilize fuel from muscle & adipose tissueSuppress non-essential functions (reproduction & growth)Suppress inflammatory &immune responsesPotentiates response to EPI (vascular smooth muscle)
ACTH from Ant. Pit
CRH from Hypothalamus
Physical traumaProlonged exposure to coldProlonged intense exerciseInfectionSleep deprivationPainFrightEmotional distress
Vasopressin
Cytokines fromimmune cells
Excess Cortisol from 1) adrenal cortex tumor (primary) or 2) hypersecretion of ACTH from anterior pituitary (secondary)
Cushing’s Syndrome
Basal levels of CortisolRequired for normal sensitivity to EPI; symptoms of excess cortisol are…..
Clinical example: treatment of chronic inflammation (e.g. arthritis) can lead to Cushing’s Syndrome!
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