Download - Molecular Geometry
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No heavy math includedNo heavy math included
Molecular Molecular GeometryGeometry
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Shapes of Molecules Molecular Structure or Molecular Geometry
- is the three-dimensional arrangement of the atoms that constitute a molecule. It determines several properties of a substance including its reactivity, polarity, phase of matter, color, magnetism, and biological activity.
- the chemical formula has no direct relationship with the shape of the molecule.
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Shapes of Molecules Molecular Structure or Molecular Geometry
- the three-dimensional shapes of molecules can be predicted by their Lewis structures.
- Valence-shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) model or electron domain (ED) model: Used in predicting the shapes. The electron pairs occupies a certain domain. They move as far as possible. Lone pairs occupies more domains contributing largely to the repulsion and shape.
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Terms and Definition Bonding Pairs (AX)– electron pairs that are involved in
the bonding.
Lone Pairs (E)– electrons that are not involved in the bonding. They tend to occupy a larger domain.
Electron Domains – total number of pairs found in the molecule that contribute to its shape.
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Linear
• Bonding Pairs: 2• Lone Pairs: 0• Electron Domains: 2• Bond angle: 180°• Example: CO2
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Trigonal Planar
• Bonding Pairs: 3• Lone Pairs: 0• Electron Domains: 3• Bond angle: 120°• Example: BF3
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Bent or Angular
• Bonding Pairs: 2• Lone Pairs: 1• Electron Domains: 3• Bond angle: 120° (119°)• Example: SO2
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Tetrahedral
• Bonding Pairs: 4• Lone Pairs: 0• Electron Domains: 4• Bond angle: 109.5°• Example: CH4
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Trigonal Pyramidal
• Bonding Pairs: 3• Lone Pairs: 1• Electron Domains: 4• Bond angle: 109.5° (107.5°)• Example: NH3
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Bent or Angular (Ver.2)
• Bonding Pairs: 2• Lone Pairs: 2• Electron Domains: 4• Bond angle: 109.5° (104.5°)• Example: H2O
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Trigonal Bipyramidal
• Bonding Pairs: 5• Lone Pairs: 0• Electron Domains: 5• Bond angle: 90°, 120°• Example: PCl5
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Seesaw
• Bonding Pairs: 4• Lone Pairs: 1• Electron Domains: 5• Bond angle: 180°, 120° (173.1°,
101.6°)• Example: SF4
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T-shaped
• Bonding Pairs: 3• Lone Pairs: 2• Electron Domains: 5• Bond angle: 90°, 180° (87.5°, < 180°)• Example: ClF3
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Linear (Multiple Lone Pairs)
• Bonding Pairs: 2• Lone Pairs: 3• Electron Domains: 5• Bond angle: 180°• Example: XeF2
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Octahedral
• Bonding Pairs: 6• Lone Pairs: 0• Electron Domains: 6• Bond angle: 90°• Example: SF6
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Square Pyramidal
• Bonding Pairs: 5• Lone Pairs: 1• Electron Domains: 6• Bond angle: 90° (84.8°)• Example: BrF5
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Square Planar
• Bonding Pairs: 5• Lone Pairs: 1• Electron Domains: 6• Bond angle: 90°• Example: XeF4
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Pentagonal Bipyramidal
• Bonding Pairs: 7• Lone Pairs: 0• Electron Domains: 7• Bond angle: 90°, 72°• Example: IF7
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