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Molecular Geometry
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2-D and 3-D• Lewis Structures explain the two dimensional
structure of molecules• In order to model the actual structure of a
molecule we need a model that is three dimensional
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VSEPR
• Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion• Basically, the paired electrons in the covalent
bonds of a molecule exert a repulsive force on each other.
• Given the number of bonded pairs, and the number of lone pairs, we can predict the 3-D shape of a molecule
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Linear
• Form: AX or AX2
• One or Two Bonded Pairs• Zero Lone Pairs• Bond Angle = 180°• Hybridization: sp
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Trigonal Planar
• Form: AX3
• Three Bonded Pairs• Zero Lone Pairs• Bond Angle = 120°• Hybridization: sp2
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Tetrahedral• Form: AX4
• Four Bonded Pairs
• Zero Lone Pairs
• Bond Angle = 109.5°
• Hybridization: sp3
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Trigonal Pyramidal• Form: AX3E
• Three Bonded Pairs
• One Lone Pair• Bond Angle =
107°• Hybridization:
sp3
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Bent• Form: AX2E2
• Two Bonded Pairs
• Two Lone Pairs
• Bond Angle = 104.5°
• Hybridization: sp3