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Development National Policy on Healthfor Adaptation to Climate Change
in Indonesia
dr Wan Alkadri, SS , MScDirector Environmental Health
Ministry of Health Indonesia
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OUTLINE
Background Methodology for vulnerability and adaption
assessment on health and Climate Change,The Impact of climate change on healthHazardsVulnerability
Adaptive Capacity Strategy Adaptation in Indonesia
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Background
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Republic of Indonesia Population of 236.4m, 57%in villages (SCB, 2007)
17,508 islands over 3.977miles
GDP per capita US$ 3.843(UNDP,2007/8)
Human Development Indexranking 107 (UNDP 2007/8)
45.2% (105.3m) poor andvulnerable poor (WorldBank 2007)
In 2001 implemented aDecentralization policy.
In 2007 administratively;into 33 provinces, 444districts
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Climate Change now become an importantissue in Indonesia and has been
mainstreamed in National DevelopmentPlan. Ministry of Health has been developing a
National Policy on Health for Adaptation toClimate Change. With other sectors, health adaptation
strategy will be implemented in a NationalDevelopment Plan (National DevelopmentPlan 2010-2029)
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Methodology for vulnerabilityand adaption assessment onhealth and Climate Change
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CC Roadmap development method
Scientific Basis Analysis
7 regions
ClimateChangeIssues
Findings,
GIS basedinformation
Sector issues
FrameworkInstitutionalPolicy and
Program
Cross-cuttingissues
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Papua
7 REGIONSSumatera
Maluku
Nusa Tenggara
Sulawesi
Kalimantan
Jawa, Madura, Bali
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Climatechange
Directexposures(temperature,precipitation, sea levelrise, extreme events )
Environ-mental
conditions
Indirectexposures(changes in water, air,
food quality; vectorecology; ecosystems ,agriculture, industryand settlements)
Healthimpacts
Healthsystem
conditions
Social &
economicdisruption
Social conditions(upstream determinants
of health)
Modifying influence
*
*
Confalonieri, Menne et al, 2007
CLIMATE CHANGE AND HEALTH IMPACT
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Vulnerable & AdaptationFramework
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Hazard, vulnerability and riskanalysis on health sector
The analysis used time periodic as follows : baseline, compiled and analysis data from 1961
1990 (30 years) current time (1991 2008) near future (2009 2029)
and projection (2029 -2100)
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The impact of Climate Change onhealth, hazard, vulnerability and
adaptation capacity
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The impact of climate change on HealthKASUS MALARIA DI JAWA BALI THN 1989KASUS MALARIA DI JAWA BALI THN 1989 --20072007
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
Insidens Malaria0.21 0.17 0.14 0.12 0.19 0.17 0.07 0.08 0.12 0.3 0.52 0.81 0.62 0.47 0.22 0.11 0.23 0.19 0.16
1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Vector borne diseases
Hubungan antara Kasus,An. aconItus, An. maculatus dan C. hujanDesa Wadaslintang th. 2001
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
JAN PEB MAR APR MEI JUN JUL AGT SEP OKT NOP DESC-hujan
Maculatus
Aconitus
Kasus
MALARIA
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Vector borne diseases
DENGUE
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0
1000000
2000000
3000000
4000000
5000000
6000000
'81 '83 '85 '87 '89 '91 ' 93 ' 95 '9 7 '9 9 '0 1 '03 '05 '07
Sumber: Lap Subdit Diare
Water borne diseases
Diarrheal
0
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
Jan Feb Mar apr Mei Jun Jul Ags Sep Okt Nop des
2004 2005 2006
Sumber: Lap STP. P2PL
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Hazards
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Hazards on health Increase in temperature
Rain fall variability Sea level rise
More intense extreme events Water shortage Drought Air Polution
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Change of Mean Temperature Year = 2000
Source: Susandi, 2006
oC
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Change of Mean Temperature Year = 2010
Source: Susandi, 2006
oC
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Change of Mean Temperature Year = 2020
Source: Susandi, 2006
oC
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Risk on water shortage in 2005
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Risk on water shortage in 2015
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Risk on water shortage in 2025
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Risk on water shortage in 2030
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Risk of drought in 2005
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Risk of drought in 2015
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Risk of drought in 2020
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Risk of drought in 2030
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Vulnerability
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Vulnerability
1. Poor and vulnerable poor especially in urban area2. Coastal Community (65% Population in Java Island life
in coastal area)3. Elderly and children,4. Traditional Community
5. Farmers,6. Small islands Population (17.500 islands, Indonesiaarchipelago)
7. Poor water supply, sanitation and hygiene8. Poor Health system (facility, services, and community
participation)9. Ecosystem (vector distribution and transmission)
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Population growth and distribution projectionin 2010
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Population growth and distribution projection
in 2020
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Adaptation to Climate
Change
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DISASTER REGIONAL CENTER
Medan
Palembang
Jakarta
Semarang
Surabaya
Denpasar
Banjarmasin Makassar Manado
Jayapura
Padang
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Hospitals Distribution in 2008
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Posyandu Distribution in 2008
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Immunization coverage rate in 2008
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National Policy, Strategy and Program
towards climate change impact on health
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Matrix as a tool to develop AdaptationStrategy
No
Regions H V R Recommendati
on foradaptation
strategy
Program and Activity Recomendation
2010-
2014
2015-
2020
2021-
2025
2025-2030
1 Sumatera
2 Jawa, Madura, Bali
3 Kalimantan
4 Sulawesi5 Kep. Nusatenggara
6 Kep. Maluku
7 Papua
Note:
H = Hazard, V = Vulnerability, R = Risk
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Basis Saintifik Rekomendasi untuk Prioritas Program
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Rekomendasi untukAlternatif Strategi
AdaptasiBahaya Kerentanan Potensi Dampak 2010 2014 2015 2019 2020 2024 2025 2029
Perubahanpola curahhujan akibatperubahanvariabilitasiklim alamiah(El-Nino [EN],La-Nina [LN]).Proyeksi ENdan LN(Sofian,2009):.
Terdapatnyapulau-pulau kecildi sebelah baratdan timur Sumatra
Banyak terdapatsistem muarasungai, lagun danrawa di pesisir timur.
40% area rawa diIndonesia
terdapat diSumatera
Informasikerentanan danrisiko di sektor kesehatan dan
adaptasiberkenaanperubahan iklimmasih minim
Terjadi perubahanekosistem di pesisir dan pedalamanMALARIA
Peningkatan curahhujan pada batasnormal akanmeningkatkan jumlah habitat baruuntuk larva yangberarti juga akanterjadi peningkatanpopulasi vector
dengan peningkatansurvival vector,vectors biting rate,pathogenisitas danincubation rate
Pembangunansadar penyakitbersumber binatang
Upayapengendalianpenyakitbersumber vektor/binatang secaraREESA (Rational,Efficient, Effective,Sustainable,Acceptable)
Penggunaanberbagai metodepemberantasanuntuk memutusrantai penularanserta keterpaduan
dengan berbagaisektor & programterkait
Komitmen PolitikDepartemenkesehatan
Advokasi danSosialisasi
Manajemen data,kajian, analisisserta penelitiantentang bahaya,kerentanan, danrisiko serta dampakperubahan iklim
terhadap malaria
Pemetaan daerahrawan malariaakibat perubahaniklim di Sumatera
Pemetaan vektor kerentananterhadapinsektisida padatingkat Kabupatendi Sumatera
Pemetaan habitatperkembangbiakan
vektor malaria diwilayah endemismalaria diSumatera
Pengembanganmodel intervensiKIE dan partisipasimasyarakattentangpengendalianmalaria
PeningkatanKapasitasPengelola Program
Penguatanmanagemen kasus
dan pengendalianvektor
PenigktanKapasitasPengelola Program
Pengendalianfaktor risikor penularan malariameliputi :pengelolaaanhabitatperkembangbiakanakibat perubahan &meningkatkankepedulian
masyarakat dalampencegahan danpengendalianmlaria .
Institutional Framework
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Institutional Framework Indonesia has ratified UNFCCs Framework with LawNo. 5 /1994
Government Regulation No. 46/2008 about National
Council on Climate Change, and Minister of Health asa member.
National Cross-sector Working Group on Climate
Change. Lead by Minister of Environment withmembers : MoForestry, MoEnergy, MoAgricultural,MoHealth, National Planning, MoPublic Works andUniversities.
National Team on Climate Change Planning, PPNMinister/BAPENAS No. 204/M.PPN/10/2008
Communication Forum for Climate Change Impact onHealth, MOH as a chairperson
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thank you