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Module 10
Network Fundamentals and
Cabling
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Objectives
1.2.8 Compare and contrast types of networks
2.2.1-2 Differentiate network media
3.2.10 Given a scenario, use appropriate
networking tools
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NETWORKING
FUNDAMENTALS
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Computer Networks
Defined as having two or more devices (such as
workstations, printers, or servers) that are linked
together for the purpose of sharing information,
resources, or both
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Why Do We Need Networking?
1. Share printers
2. Share Internet connection
3. Access shared files
4. Avoids duplication
5. Allow multiple users
6. Share resources
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Network Administration
Responsibilities include:
1. Maintaining and adapting the network to
changing conditions
2. Setting up new user accounts and services
3. Monitoring network performance
4. Repairing network failures
5. Evaluate new technologies and requirements
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Overview of Networks
Networked computers may take on different roles
or functions in relation to each other:
1. Communicate using request/response protocols
2. Role of server:
A.Manages resources
B.Shares files
C.Manages security
D.Provides services
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A Peer-to Peer Network
1. Computers act as equal partners
2. Individual users control
their own resources
3. Make their own decides
4. Works well in small
numbers
Printing• Sharing printers
• Sharing storage
• Sharing resources
Peer Peer
SDHEWLETTPACKARD Si
SDP110
Professional Workstation 5000
SDP110
Professional Workstation 5000
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A Client/Server Network
1. Network services are located in a dedicated
computer
2. Server may contain:
3. Serves many functions
4. Share applications
5. Server has:
A.Additional processing power
B.Additional memory
C.Specialized software
• Shared printers• Network storage• Network security features• Other network resources
Storage
PrintingSDHEWLETT
PACKARD Si
Client Client
SDP110
Professional Workstation 5000
SDP110
Professional Workstation 5000
Server
SD
REMOTE ACCESS SERVER
5408
pentium.........
Communications
Serversprovide clientswith access to:
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Windows
2000 Server
Apple
Macintosh OSX
Windows 98 Windows 7Shared network
printer
Unix/Linux
Shared disk
Shared CD-ROM
SDP110
Professional Workstation 5000
SDP110
Professional Workstation 5000
SDP110
Professional Workstation 5000
SDHEWLETTPACKARD Si
SD
REMOTE ACCESS SERVER
5408
pentium.........
Networks based on standard protocols, can communicate and share
information from any OS
SDP110
Professional Workstation 5000
A Typical Network
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Local-Area Networks
1. Topology
A.Logical
B.Physical
2. Local Area Network (LAN)
A.Small geographical area
B.Require shared
communications channel
C.Medium
Local Area Network (LAN)
Small geographical area
SDP110
Professional Workstation 5000
SDP110
Professional Workstation 5000
SDP110
Professional Workstation 5000
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Wide-Area Networks
1. Large geographical area
2. Use point-to-point, serial
communications lines.
3. Use common carriers
4. Connect fewer computers
5. Operate at lower speeds
6. Interconnect LANs
7. Cover large distances Wide Area Network (WAN)
Large geographical area
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Other Types of Networks
1. MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)
2. PAN (Personal Area Network)
3. SAN (Server Area Network)
4. NOS (Network Attached Storage)
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Circuit-switched vs. Packet-switched
1. Circuit-switched network
A.Establishes connection
B.Transmits over that circuit
C.Modem
D.POTS
E.Any dial-up connection
2. Packet-switched network
A.Individual packets can take different paths
B.Always-on connection
C.Cable, DSL, T1
D.Internet traffic
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Data Transmission
Signals sent and received can operate in:
1. Simplex
2. Half-duplex
3. Full-duplex
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Physical Topologies
Defines the way devices are connected
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NETWORK MEDIA
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Types of Media
1. Coaxial
2. Unshielded Twisted-Pair
3. Shielded Twisted-Pair
4. Fiber-optic
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Network Cabling
Cable System Speed Cables and Connectors Maximum Cable Length
10Base2
(ThinNet)
10 Mbps Coaxial uses a BNC or F
connector. RG-6 cable
185 Meters (607 ft)
10Base5
(ThickNet)
10Mbps Coaxial uses an AUI 15-
pin D-shaped connector
500 Meters (1640 ft)
10BaseT
(Twisted-Pair)
10 Mbps UTP uses an RJ-45
connector
100 Meters (328 ft)
100BaseTX
(Twisted-Pair)
100 Mbps UTP uses an RJ-45
connector
100 Meters (328 ft)
10BaseF, 10BaseFL,
100BaseFL,
100BaseFX, or
1000BaseFX
(Fiber-Optic)
10 Mbps,
100 Mbps, or
1 Gbps
Fiber-Optic cable uses
an ST, SC, LC connector
Multi-Mode up to 2000
Meters (6562 ft)
Single-Mode up to 3000
Meters (9842 ft)
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Types of Cable Jackets
Cable types:
1.PVC
2.Plenum
Blue - Pair 1
Orange - Pair 2
Green - Pair 3
Brown - Pair 4
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Categories of Cable
1. CAT1
2. CAT3
3. CAT5
4. CAT5e
5. CAT6
Ethernet UTP with RJ-45 Connectors
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568A Scheme
G/W
G
O/W
B
B/W
O
Br/W
Br
568B Scheme
O/W
O
G/W
B
B/W
G
Br/W
Br
STANDARD
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Voice & Dial-up
1. Made of same twisted pair cable
2. Uses RJ-11 connectors
3. Used for:
A.Phones
B.Fax machines
C.Modems
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Coaxial Cable and Connectors
BNC Connectors
F Connector
Copper Core
Insulation
Foil ShieldMesh Braid
Outer Jacket
RG-6 Cable
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Central filler
Color-coded
subcable
Outer jacket
Ripcord
Subcable
Subcable jacket
Aramid
strength
member
Acrylate fiber
coating
Optical fiber
900 µm
diameter
tight-buffer
Fiber-optic Cable
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Fiber-optic Cable Connectors
1. Fiber Connectors:A. ST
B. SC
C. LC
1. Singlemode
2. Uses laser light source
3. Core is 8-10 microns
4. Transmission distance of 3000 meters
5. Commonly used for:A. Interbuilding connectivity
B. WANs
2. Multimode
1. Uses LED light source
2. Core is 50 & 62.5 microns
3. Transmission distance of 2000 meters
4. Commonly used for:A. Intrabuilding connectivity
B. LAN backbones
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NETWORK TOOLS
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Network Tools
1. Crimper
2. Punchdown Tool
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Network Tools
3. Cable Tester
4. Tone and Probe
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Network Tools
5. Multimeter
6. Loopback Plug
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Summary
In this module we discussed:
1. Definition and need for networking
2. Roles of an administrator
3. Types of network operating systems
4. Types of networks
5. Types of transmissions
6. Types of topologies
7. Types and uses of network media
8. Tools of the trade