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MJ died on 25thJune, 09
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PropofolConrad Murray
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What is Propofol ?
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Propofol is
• An anesthetic.
• Used to produce relaxation and sleep before or during surgery.
• An extremely popular intravenous general anesthetic agent due to several favorable characteristics.
Anti-emetic effect
Rapid emergence from unconsciousness with minimal residual drowsinessA general state of euphoria
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Propofol appears as a highly opaque-white fluid
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Development of propofol
• Initial clinical trials in 1977 in a form solubilised in Cremophor EL(a kind of drug additive acts as surfactant).
• However there are severe allergic reaction, and it was re
formulated as an emulsion of propofol with soya oil in water.
• Newer generic formulation contain metabisulphite. (a carrier of the active ingredients [propofol])
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Molecular modification Recently, a water soluble form – fospropofol
(2,6-diisopropopylphenoxymethyl phosphate disodium) is developed.The fospropofol is found to break down to propofol in the body by the enzyme alkaline phosphatase in vivo.
Alkaline phosphatase
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• As fospofol is water soluble, it is more readily to inject and minimize the pain at the injection site.
• The fospropofol was approved by USFDA in 2008.
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Side effects
• allergic reactions like skin rash, itching or hives, swelling of the face, lips, or tongue
• breathing problems, stomach pain• changes in vision• dark urine• fast, irregular heartbeat• low blood pressure• pain at site where injected• addicted
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Restriction
• heart disease• high cholesterol• an unusual or allergic reaction to propofol, anest
hetics, eggs, soy, benzyl alcohol, sulfites, other medicines, foods, dyes, or preservatives
• pregnant or trying to get pregnant• breast-feeding• infant
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