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Missouri Geological Survey
Joe Gillman
The Central U.S. is Earthquake Country: The Science Behind EarthquakesHazard PreparednessResponse
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Stress accumulation along plate boundaries from tectonic activity, most earthquakes occur at or near plate boundaries.
Plate Boundaries and Earthquakes
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Earthquakes also occur in other regions not associated with plate boundaries. These are intraplate quakes. New Madrid Seismic Zone
Plate Boundaries and Earthquakes
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Effects of Shaking: Geology Matters
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Effects of Shaking: Geology Matters
Shaking intensity varies from area to area depending on the underlying geology. Thicker, soft sediments can amplify earthquake waves.
Floodplain
Bedrock
Soft sediment
amplification analogy:
Jell-O
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Effects of Shaking:
Liquefaction, lateral spreading, sinkholes, landslides, ground fissures, groundwater disturbance.
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Effects of Shaking:
Liquefaction, lateral spreading, sinkholes, landslides, ground fissures, groundwater disturbance.
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Effects of Shaking:
Liquefaction, lateral spreading, sinkholes, landslides, ground fissures, groundwater disturbance.
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Effects of Shaking:
Liquefaction, lateral spreading, sinkholes, landslides, ground fissures, groundwater disturbance.
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Danger in the Central US: Regional Perspective
Colors show levels of horizontal shaking that have a 2-in-100 (2%) chance of being exceeded in a 50-year period. Shaking is expressed as a percentage of g (gravitational force).
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Danger in the Central US: New Madrid Seismic ZoneActivity
1811-1812 Event
Recurrence Interval
Annual Activity
Probability
USGS Fact Sheet 2009–3071
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What is the most likely earthquake we can expect today, not in 500 or
1000 years, but today?
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Recurrence Intervals for New Madrid Earthquake Events
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Impact of a M6.5 earthquake
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Impact of a M6.5 earthquake
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Impact of a M6.5 earthquake
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Impact of a M6.5 earthquake
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Impact of a M6.5 earthquake
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Impact of a M6.5 earthquake
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Impact of a M6.5 earthquake
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Impact of a M6.5 earthquake
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Impact of a M6.5 earthquake
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Unreinforced Masonry construction (URM)
• 500,000 URMs in New Madrid region
• FEMA estimates 90% of casualties from URMs
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Integration of geologic and geotechnical data into hazards planning
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Integration of geologic and geotechnical data into hazards planning
• Bedrock characteristics• Surficial materials characteristics• Depth to water table• Slope stability
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What does geologic characterization have to do with earthquake planning and preparedness?
• Damage prediction
• Emergency route planning
• Construction standards
• Emergency facility placement
• Loss estimation
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Post Earthquake Technical Information Clearinghouse
-PETIC-
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• Use of science information by EMAs requires interpretation and integration with those operations
• Critical need to document geologic and engineering effects of earthquakes by geologists and engineers
• Relieves overburdened EMA officials from the task of managing “science” requests
Purpose
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• Facilitating coherent and methodical investigations of the physical impact of an earthquake
• Collection and assimilation of perishable data
• Single POC for exchange of information between EMs and scientific investigators
•Scientist pool
•Long term data management and archive
Objectives
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Function of MGS Earthquake Response Plan
Activation:
• M >4.5 when damage is caused• At the request of SEMA/Public Safety
• Should be operational within 24 hours• Duration will be event dependent
• Located at MGS in Rolla with forward operations established as practical
Missouri PETIC
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Additional Information
• Missouri Geological Survey – http://www.dnr.mo.gov/geology
• Central United States Earthquake Consortium - http://www.cusec.org/