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MISCELLANEA IRANICA
by
MARTIN
SCHWARTZ
I
Among
the
countless interesting lexical items which
the
late Professor
Henning, founder and undisputed master of Khwarezmian studies, brought
to light is Khwar. 'ro'w, which (once) renders Arab. yul (a
demon which
leads
its
victims
to
a
remote
place
and
destroys
them).
A root
'dral}
Proto-Indo-European
'dhrel}-)
'to lead astray, deceive has been pro
posed as the source of various Old and ~ i d d l e Iranian words, among them
'ro'w and Khwar. 'rowe far .2 At the same
time
I mentioned the possibility
that Persian
'(,)rd'd,
listed in
the Fm'hang-i Su'uri,
may be a copyist s
error
for (,)rd'w, a borrowing from Khwar. 'ro'w. Other material support
ing
the
foregoing views will now be offered.
The
Khwar.
metathesis implicit in the derivation of
'ro'w and 'rowe
from
V
dral}
requires independent confirmation, especially since
Renning
showed that OIr. dr remained as Khwar. or in
oryd' h
'she
reaped
it'
and
orwk
's ick?
the
latter from
'adrul}aka-.
One
example for the metathesis is
Khwar.
ronb-
'to peel, skin, husk'
(Nluq. 86.8 mronbd'h; 230.6 mronbyd;
395.7 mronbd'n
only
the
last is fully pointed).4 In these examples
ronb
translates Arab. qasara and laJ;ii (the former referring to the decortication
of
bark and sesame pods,
the
latter to that
of
bark), all Pers.
pust biiz
kard.
The
passive
of
this verb is rof3s-
(Muq.
453.8, 466.2 mrof3st)
=
Arab. inqasara, taqaHara resp.,
both Pers
. pust biiz karde sud.
Now,
ronb-
and 'rof3s- may be taken from
OIr.
stems
'drumba-
and
1
'Mitteliranisch',
I
18,
n. I The yii/
is
usually
a
female
creature;
e.g. yiilathu l-yiilu
in the Afuq passage (225.4)
cited
by Henning, from which it is not clear,
however,
whether ro w is also fern.
For
yiil, div, pari, jiidii and
similar
terms, see A. Christensen,
Essai sur la dbnonologie iranienne, 1941,64-86.
2 M .
Schwartz, JRAS, Oct.
1966,
119-22, esp.
p. 119.
t
is
possible
that
Oss.
ardauyn ' to provoke,
stir
up
slander' and MPers.
driiy- 'talk
nonsense,
lies;
scream'
(for which words
cf.
E. Benveniste,
BSL
1956,58,
and now
G.
Lazard,
Les premiers
poetes persans, 1,1964,75, n. I) are related to the words discussed
in
my
article.
In view
of Sogd. ziiw 'rumour,
reputation'
Khot. drro
'roared'
(?) one may consider l
con
tamination of two Iranian
roots "'dral -:
I) 'seduce'
2)
'make
noise,
shout',
the
latter
from PIE 'dhrev-; for the
latter,
cf. J Pokorny, Indoge, manisches etymologisches W6rter
buch, 1959,255 S. V .
3.
dher-, dhereu-.
For
Sogd. ziiy-,
see n. 10
below.
8
Zeki Velidi Togan'a Armagan,
Istanbul, 1955 , 432.
4 I am very
grateful
to Dr. D . N.
l\1acKenzie,
both for first
calling my
attention
to the Khw ar. words
relatin
g to
'p
eeling, skinning , and for a lively
and
learned corre
spondence
on
kind red m atters. I take sole respons ib il ity for th e p rese nt exposit ion.
385
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III
: - : : - ;
I ~ C 1111 MO lel A . \ ( ) II ' ME
*d m
b-sa- rcspectivcly, both from D root draub-. Such a rout is att es ted in
Sogd . iufJa (B.
;71
fJ hh; hr . *
: lI
'b', ohl. zwhy) 'outer laye r, pee l, husk' />
all d perhaps also \\ 'akhi dr i
ip-:
dr up t ' to scrat e ,6 and Oss. Tfd ll V) ll 'to tear
off,
sc
ratch', passi\'e Tfd) jsyn, and rf r/yvs t ' il scratch, an exco ri a
tion (if
Ta d- < *ra rd- Khwar. -r B-, one may cite tsrBwk
(111uq, .17.
6
)
carp e
nter
(Arab.
naJjar,
Pers.
durudgar)
< etasat-dru- 'wood-hewer'.9 t is
now safe to assume two
Khwar.
reflexes of OIr. dr:
Br and
rB,
probably
5 Th is etymology of the Sogd. word (in spired by MacKenzie) is far more satis
factory than
the
connexion with
Ru ss .
dro
b'
a
fragment
proposed by
O. Hansen,
AbPAW,
1941,
No.
10,
p. 22; drob'
is
from PIE dhre
bh-,
Pokorny, p. 272. Further on
Sogd. zi5{3a, H e
nning apud Gershevitch,
J RAS,
1946, 182.
6 For this word Shaw
ha s
driip- : dropt, Klim
cickij
di/rUp- : di/ropt, and Lorimer
(T he
Wakhi
Language, n, 1958, 48) d,'YP- : dr9pt; for j :
a,
Y see Lorimer,
I,
13.
Morgens tierne, l lFL, n
520,
suggested that driip- is related
to Serb.
drapati etc., but
th e existence of Ir. dr(a)ub- provides a pr eferable candidate, which I
shall
now attempt
to
ju stify
phonol
ogically.
At least in noun
s
and adje
ctives, V,>akhi
ii does
n ot
seem to be the usual
reflex of
OIr. u,
l
lVlorgenstierne, n 480. But the
verb
mus- : most (Lorimer
71/.as-,
myf- :
m9St) to steal, conceal
is
surely from
the
OIr.
root
mus-, which
allows
driip- < .druP-;
if miis- indeed shows umlaut < m u sya- (see Morg ., p . 482), then driip- represents
druP
(a)ya
- .
The
p
(instead
of
of
driip-
is
probabl
y
secondary, either expressive or
contaminated .
Rhyming
with
di/riip- : d i/r
i5p
t
th
ere is ci1riip- :
oropt
to pinch
in Klimcickij s
material. For
pinch,
tweak, sting L or imer recorded
tSEr
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III
1\=" 1:-1 1111
1I1
0
HIAI. VO
Ll
l
ll1E
alld
gar
::
all =
Pers.
zalllllllr
(So too
deh)
. 1r. Amn on '\ct
Zl r ;\
native of
Hahht in illln , t ells me tl1
:1I
in hi s mo
ther
dialect ' ne ttle' is
gorze (Mr.
'\c tzer not re ca ll he ar ing gar
z e
'r at '), and tha arza
k
is a kind of
::.a ll/bUr
wi th a long body, st riped black
and
ye
ll
ow , and colourl ess
v"
in gs.
H ere too wou ld belong l'\Pc rs. garzin, sa id in th e Far hang-i J ahangiri to
mean 'arr ow', which
the Burha
ll
-i Qa
ti'
expand
s to
'p
ointed
arrow' (iir-i
paikall -drjr) . l'\Pers. (mar-i)
garze
is th erefore 'a biting sna ke'.
The
meanings o
f garz-
are thu s
th
e sa me as th ose of Pers. gaz-.
That
th e O
lr.
root of th e latt er is
"gaz-, and
not
"gaz-,
is sho
wn by
Man.
Par th. gz - 't o bite' (of dogs) in an u
npub
l. t ext, l\1 92, 12b (acc. to a note
book -e ntry of H enning), and further by i\Pe rs. mar-gaJte 'bitten by a
sna ke' and gastan (also Kashan i), see C
lP 1,134
H ere we have at hand the
root of E l r. ..gas/ra- 't ooth , mouth' (see
1\1
orgenstierne,
Jl
FL, 1I, 524;
H e
nning
has
added Khwar. ys
't
oo
th'
to th
e
examples):
"gaJtra-
is
to
g az - as Av.
as/ra-
'goa d' is to az - 't o drive'. NP ers. gazdum 'sc o
rpion'
is
perh.
a cross of ga
z dum
and co lloq.
kazdum
crooked-tail'. [grd
/z- 'rat'