Download - Micosis superficiales-1223792802528703-8
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Micosis superficiales
Dermatofitosis • Dermatofitosis o tiñas son micosis
superficiales que afectan piel y anexos (pelo y uñas)
• Ocasionadas por dermatofitos del género: Trichophyton, Microsporum y Epidermophyton
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Tiñas:
• Por su localización se conoce la tiña de la cabeza, de la piel, de las ingles, pies y uñas.
• Los hongos productores pertenecen a tres géneros:
Microsporum
Epidermophyton y
Trichophyton
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Géneros
Trichophyton
Microsporum
Epidermophyton
M. Canis
T. TonasuransT. RubrumT. Mentagrophytes
E. Floccosum
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Tiña de la cabeza (Capitis)
• Epidemiología• Distribución mundial 98% en niños y
ocasionalemente en mujeres adultas predomina en preescolares y escolares
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Tiña de la cabeza
• Morfología: Placas pseudoalopecicas con escama y pelos cortos
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Tiña de la cabeza
• Predominio para despúes de la pubertad ya que el sebo contiene ácidos grasos saturados.
• Microsporum canis y Trichopyton Tonsurans son los agentes etiológicos
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Tiña tricofítica
• Etiología T. Tonsurans• Morfología . Placas pequeñas• Pseudoalopecicas
• Pelo parasitado por dentro: Endotrix
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Tiña microspórica
• Etiología . M.Canis• Pelos regularmente afectados y rotos
placas circulantes grandes • Pelo parasitado por dentro y fuera:
Ectoendotrix
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Tiña de la cabeza inflamatoria Querion de Celso
• Placas pseudoalopecicas con eritema, inflamación, pustulas y exudado purulento
• Dolor y adenomegalia regional secuela, alopecia permanente
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Dermatofitosis
Diagnóstico
• Examen directo KOH
Cultivo
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Tiña de la cabeza
Diagnóstico diferencial
• Alopecia areata
• Tricotilomania• Dermatitis seborréica
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Tiña de la cabeza
Tratamiento
• 2 a 3 meses de griseofulvina
• Menores de 3 años 125 mgrs/día• 3 a 6 años 250 mgrs/día• 7 a 11 años 375 mgrs/día
• Más de 12 años 500 mgrs/día• Ketoconazol / vía oral T. inflamatoria
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Tiña de la cabeza
Tratamiento
• Griseofulvina• Terbinafina 10-20 kg de peso corporal 62.5 mg/día
20-40 kg de peso 125 mg/día
más de 40 kg de peso 250 mg/día por 8 semanas
• Itraconazol• Fluconazol
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Tiña del cuerpo
• Herpes circinado• Etiología: T. Tonsurans M. Canis• T. Rubrum T. Mentagrophytes
• E. Floccosum
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Tiña del cuerpo
• Etiología. T. Rubrum M. Canis
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Tiña del cuerpo
• Placas eritematoescamosas con borde activo prúrito
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Tiña del cuerpo
Cuadro clínico:
• Placas de borde activo, redondas, con liquenificación y escamas
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Onicomicosis (tiña de las uñas)
Manos o pies:
Se manifiesta con engrosamiento,
fragilidad, estrias
cambios de coloración
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Tiña de las uñas-onicomicosis
• Uñas engrosadas (distróficas) opacas• Afección del borde libre hacia la cutícula
• Etiología. T.Rubrum, T. Mentagrophytes
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Tiña de los pies
Morfología
• Interdigital. Escamas maceración, fisuras vesiculosa. Vesículas y/u escamas
• Hiperqueratósica. Escamas e hiperqueratosis
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Micosis superficiales (tiña)
Laboratorio:
• En todas es necesario:
• El exámen directo• El cultivo• Luz de Wood
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Tiña de las uñas
Tratamiento
Amorlfina en laca
Bifonazol.- Urea
Ciclopiroxolamina en laca
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Onicomicosis
Tratamiento sistémico
• Itraconazol 200 mgs/día/3 meses
pulso 400 mgs• Terbinafina 250 mgs /día / 3 meses
pulso 500 mgs• Fluconazol 150-300 mg/ semana /20-30
semanas
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Tiña de las uñas
Tratamiento
• Tópico. Afección parcial distal y de 3-4 uñas
• Sistémico. Afección total de la uña y parcial proximal o afección de más de 3 uñas
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Fin primera parte
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Micosis superficiales2 da. parte
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Tiña de los pies“ pies de atleta”
• Etiología: T. Rubrum, E. Flocosum
T. Mentagrophytes• Maceración, descamación en espacios
Interdigitales y plantas muy pruriginosa
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Tiña de los pies
• Etiología . T. Rubrum
T. Mentagrophytes
E. Floccosum
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Tiña de los pies
• Formas morfológicas
Intertriginosa (pliegues)
Vesiculosa
Hiperqueratosica
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Tiña de los pies
• Complicaciones
Dermatitis por contacto
Adenopatía inguinal
Fiebre
Dermatofitides
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Tiña inguinal (Tinea Cruris)
• “ Eccema Marginado de Hebra”• En regiones inguinales, perine, escroto• Eritema y escamas; Borde activo y
vesículas
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Tiña de la ingle
• Placas eritematoescamosas con borde activo uni o bilateral prúrito
• Etiología. T. Rubrum, T. Mentagrophytes
E. Floccosum
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Tiña del cuerpo y de la ingle
Diagnóstico diferencial
• Psoriasis
• Dermatitis seborreíca• Pitiriasis rosada
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Tiña del cuerpo y de la ingle
Tratamiento
• Antimicóticos tópicos:
• Azoles: bifonazol, clotrimazol, miconazol• Otros: amorlfina, terafinafina,
ciclospiroxalamina
• Aplicar 1 – 2 veces por día por 2 – 4 semanas
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Tratamiento tópico
• Imidazólicos• Terbinafina• Disulfuro de selenio 2%
• Jabón de ácido salicílico y azufre