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Metamorphic Metamorphic RocksRocks
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A. Vocabulary
1. Parent rock: Preexisting rock2. Recrystallization: A process in which rocks undergo change without truly melting
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B. Key B. Key Ideas:Ideas:
1. Formed when existing rocks (igneous, sedimentary or metamorphic) are changed by HEAT AND/OR PRESSUREHEAT AND/OR PRESSURE2. The new rocks may resemble the “parent” rock in their mineral composition/color3. IMPORTANT- THE ORIGINAL ROCK CANNOT MELTCANNOT MELT WHEN IT BECOMES METAMORPHIC! (If it melts and solidifies, it’s igneous!)
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Activity- Listen closely to directions!
• 1. Send one group member to the front to pick up the playdough
• 2. Carefully stack playdough slabs on top of each other without blending them in any way.
• A. Of the rock types we have talked about already, which type forms like this?
• 3. Now, fold the playdough layers in half and push down
• 4. What are some observations?
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Animation of Metamorphism
• Metamorphism
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C. The 2 Types of C. The 2 Types of MetamorphismMetamorphism
1. REGIONAL: 1. REGIONAL: Large areas of rock are changed by HEAT & PRESSURE
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Metamorphic mountains Metamorphic mountains formed from regional formed from regional
metamorphismmetamorphism
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2. CONTACT: 2. CONTACT: Magma touches layers of rock and the HEAT causes the rock layers to change a. Little to no pressure is involved with contact metamorphism (Contact Touch)
“Liquid hot
magma!”
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Alaska’s Copper Mountain – contact Alaska’s Copper Mountain – contact metamorphismmetamorphism
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D. the bells & whistles for D. the bells & whistles for metamorphic rock metamorphic rock
identificationidentification1. BANDING1. BANDING – alternating layers of different colored minerals due to different colored minerals due to sorting by densitysorting by density
a. These bands are usually distorted from the heat & pressureb. not to be confused with sedimentary layers (stratification)!!!
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Stratification vs. Banding
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Stratification (sed) vs. Banding (metamorphic)
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FOLIATIONFOLIATION
2. FOLIATION2. FOLIATION – mineral alignmentmineral alignment – the minerals in the rock are layered, which causes breakages to often occur along flat surfaces- look for “scratches” in the rocks
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Foliation – note the Foliation – note the “scratches” in the “scratches” in the
rock – this is mineral rock – this is mineral alignment!alignment!
More More foliatiofoliatio
n – n – slate & slate & phyllitephyllite
Banding – mica Banding – mica schistschist
ExcellenExcellent t
example example of of
banding banding & &
distortiodistortion – this n – this
is is GNEISS GNEISS
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More More GNEISS GNEISS
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E. Difference Between Marble and Quartzite
a. Both are white in colorb. Marble reacts with HCl
(hydrochloric acid) and quartzite does not because marble is composed of recrystallized Calcite
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Remember… MORPHING is all about CHANGE!
• Animoto Video
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When I was young, liquid granite I was diagnosed schizophrenic Neither feldspar, nor mica, nor quartz But the sum of the three Bonded igneously That means melted together for life
Well, I was hot and dejected Oh, I was injected Under layers and layers of dirt But, it was there that I changed All my crystals rearranged Into G-N-E-I-S-S, gneiss
So, take a look, and you'll see That I'm not what I used to be I've been touched metamorphically All the heat and the pressure Have changed me forever So don't take me for granite, I'm gneiss
Well, I wasn't to been seen Until time changed the scene Exposing my face to the sun But, now its here that I sit Being worn down bit by bit Oh, erosion is wearing me down
Refrain
So, be aware, have a look Underground or underfoot For that beautiful pinky-gray face The Canadian shield Holds a magnamous yield Of the rock that was changed into gneiss
Refrain
The GNEISS The GNEISS SONGSONG
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OkayOkay……
Let’s sum Let’s sum up!up!
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There are 3 classifications of There are 3 classifications of ROCKSROCKS
• IgneousIgneous – formed by the cooling of magma (melted rock)
• SedimentarySedimentary – formed by compaction & cementation of rock fragments
• MetamorphicMetamorphic – formed by heat & pressure changing existing rocks
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Remember the “bells & Remember the “bells & whistles” when identifying whistles” when identifying
rocks!rocks!
• IgneousIgneous – obvious crystals of – obvious crystals of different mineralsdifferent minerals
• SedimentarySedimentary – stratification, – stratification, fragments, fossilsfragments, fossils
• MetamorphicMetamorphic – foliation, – foliation, bandingbanding
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