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Mentoring Graduate Students and Post-Docs
Tony Nunez and Julius Jackson
The Graduate School
November 3 2009
The Graduate SchoolMichigan State University 2007
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Double Bind
The Graduate SchoolMichigan State University 2007
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Sunny Skies
The Graduate SchoolMichigan State University 2007
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Implicit Expectations
Implicit Expectations: Not stated and rarely understood.
• “What didn’t you understand about what I didn’t tell you?”
The Graduate SchoolMichigan State University 2007
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Explicit Expectations
Explicit Expectations:
• Clearly Stated
• Checked for understanding
• Unilaterally or jointly set
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Window of “Negotiable” Expectations
ExplicitJoint
Unilat eral
The Graduate SchoolMichigan State University 2007
Implicit
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Power Differential and Unilateral Decisions
• If your intention is to make a unilateral decision, make this clear from the outset.
• Negotiation is not manipulation.
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First Steps:
• Agreement about the context and previously set expectations.
• Identify the “issue” as a question that needs to be answer.
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Strategies
• Positional Strategy • Interest-based Strategy
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Positional Approach
A position is a claim that one makes as the best (or only)answer to a pressing question (issue) .
• “As PI, I will be first-author of any publication from the lab based on a Masters thesis”
The Graduate SchoolMichigan State University 2007
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A
A What I Want
BWhat I Want
Position
The Positional Approach for Setting Expectations
ISSUE
Position
BC
CompromiseThe Graduate SchoolMichigan State University 2007
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Interest-based Approach
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Interests are needs that must be satisfied and values that must be preserved when searching for answers to a pressing question (issue).
•Self-esteem•Good working relationships•Research excellence•Funding
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A
The Interest-Based ApproachIssue
1234
Interests Options
B
567
ABCDEFG
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The Interest-Based Approach
Issue
1234
ABCD
Interests Options
Evaluation
EFG
567
A
CA
AA
C
DC
DD
FFD F
FFF
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CONTEXT
ISSUE
DECISION
INTERESTS
OPTIONS
Interest-based setting of expectations