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Medical Imaging – Introduction
Jan Kybic
September 29, 2005
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Medical imaging: a collaborative paradigm
picture from Atam P. Dhawan: Medical Imaging
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From physiology to information processing
(what we should learn)
I Understanding Imaging Medium
I Physics of Imaging
I Imaging Instrumentation
I Data Acquisition Methods
I Image Processing and Analysis
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From physiology to information processing
(what we should learn)
I Understanding Imaging Medium
I Physics of Imaging
I Imaging Instrumentation
I Data Acquisition Methods
I Image Processing and Analysis
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From physiology to information processing
(what we should learn)
I Understanding Imaging Medium
I Physics of Imaging
I Imaging Instrumentation
I Data Acquisition Methods
I Image Processing and Analysis
![Page 6: Medical Imaging { Introductioncmp.felk.cvut.cz/cmp/courses/33DZOzima2007/slidy/medicalImaging… · Medical Imaging { Introduction Jan Kybic September 29, 2005. Medical imaging: a](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051512/603ed0197b73213c84283edc/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
From physiology to information processing
(what we should learn)
I Understanding Imaging Medium
I Physics of Imaging
I Imaging Instrumentation
I Data Acquisition Methods
I Image Processing and Analysis
![Page 7: Medical Imaging { Introductioncmp.felk.cvut.cz/cmp/courses/33DZOzima2007/slidy/medicalImaging… · Medical Imaging { Introduction Jan Kybic September 29, 2005. Medical imaging: a](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051512/603ed0197b73213c84283edc/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
From physiology to information processing
(what we should learn)
I Understanding Imaging Medium
I Physics of Imaging
I Imaging Instrumentation
I Data Acquisition Methods
I Image Processing and Analysis
![Page 8: Medical Imaging { Introductioncmp.felk.cvut.cz/cmp/courses/33DZOzima2007/slidy/medicalImaging… · Medical Imaging { Introduction Jan Kybic September 29, 2005. Medical imaging: a](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051512/603ed0197b73213c84283edc/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Medical imaging pipeline
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Medical imaging pipeline
patient/subject
Physical property
Imaging device
Raw data
Preprocessing
Improved data
ReconstructionImages/volumes
Interpretation
Quantitative/qualitative inf.
physician Decision
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Medical imaging pipeline
patient/subject
Physical property
Imaging device
Raw data
Preprocessing
Improved data
ReconstructionImages/volumes
Interpretation
Quantitative/qualitative inf.
physician Decision
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Medical imaging pipeline
patient/subject
Physical property
Imaging device
Raw data
Preprocessing
Improved data
ReconstructionImages/volumes
Interpretation
Quantitative/qualitative inf.
Statistical processingphysician Decision
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Imaging device
Imaging device
Physical property:density, absorbance,
conductivity, . . . Raw data
Examples:
I CT, X-rays, MRI, ultrasound, . . .
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Preprocessing
A priori
knowledge
PreprocessingRaw data
Preprocessed, cleaned,enhanced data
Examples:
I Noise suppression, contract enhancement, intensity equalization,outlier elimination, bias compensation, time/space filtering, . . .
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Reconstruction
Physics of the acquisition
device
ReconstructionPreprocessed raw data
Physically meaningfullimages, volumes, sequences
I Inverse problem
Examples:I Tomographic reconstruction
I MRI, ultrasound . . .
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Interpretation
A priori
knowledge
InterpretationHigh-level
processing
Images, volumes,sequences
Quantitative& qualitative inf.
size, changes,metabolic inf.
Examples:
I Registration, segmentation, classification, tracking,. . .
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Modalities
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Classification of medical modalities
I What information do we need?I anatomical, physiological, functional
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Classification of medical modalities
I What information do we need?I anatomical, physiological, functional
I What is the energy source?I external, internal, combined
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Classification of medical modalities
I What information do we need?I anatomical, physiological, functional
I What is the energy source?I external, internal, combined
I How good is the image?I resolution, noise
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Classification of medical modalities
I What information do we need?I anatomical, physiological, functional
I What is the energy source?I external, internal, combined
I How good is the image?I resolution, noise
I How much does it cost?
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Energy source
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Electromagnetic spectrum
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Examples
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Microscopy
Optical microscopy – since 17th century; Jensen, van Leeuwenhoek,Galilei, . . .
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X-rays / Radiography
1895, W. Rontgen B. Rontgen hand modern hand
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Computed tomography
The machine:
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Ultrasound – Equipment
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MEG and EEG
Magnetoencephalography Electroencephalography
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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Larmor, Bloch, Purcell, Rabi, Lauterbur,. . . around 1973.
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. . . and many others
I SPECT (Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography)
I PET (Positron Emission Tomography)
I gamma camera
I termography
I . . .
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OK, here ends the preview. Questions?
. . . otherwise let us start with image processing