Meat and live animals value chain development
Presented at the 19th Ethiopian Society of Animal production Annual Conference
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 15-17 December 2011
IPMS and partners experiences
Gebremedhin Woldewahid
Acknowledgements
Research and Development Partners Farmers, decision makers MoA/BoARD/OoARD Federal and Regional Research
Institutes/Centers NGOs IPMS-ILRI as facilitator
Presentation outline
1. Introduction
2. Main diagnostic findings
3. Main value chain interventions
4. Results
5. Impact across IPMS PLWs
6. Lessons and challenges
1. Introduction
Traditional fattening:• Traditionally, ruminant fattening common in Ethiopia.• Sale of oxen after plowing and shoats during holidays and
as sources of cash but with little or no investment. Contribution to smallholders income is insignificant, food
insecurity/food aid.
Business oriented fattening: Not very common in Ethiopia
Potentials for fattening of livestock do exist: large number of livestock, high market demand and ecologically suitable
1. Introduction…
IPMS and partners introduced a new intervention approach- system level to make use of the existing livestock potentials
LivestockFattening system
Health
Feed
Breed
1. Introduction…
The new intervention approach-fattening system component integrated with value chain.
Marketing
Processing
Production technology
Input supply/credit
LivestockFattening system
Health
Feed
Breed
1. Introduction…
Fattening system components/value chain integrated with knowledge/capacity development.
Skill developmentSkill development
Capacity development
Capacity development
DocumentationDocumentation
The new intervention approach:
Health
Feed
Breed
2. Main diagnostic findings
• Subsistence oriented production system with little or no use of improved technologies
• High mortality due to disease and feed shortage
• Inadequate input/service delivery system for
vet services, feed, credit and risk absorption
• Lack of knowledge and linkages with value chain actors
2. Main diagnostic findings…Value chain Potentials Limitations
Marketing Local and export market demand for meat and live
Lacks market information and linkages
Processing Live/meat, concentrate/local feed
No information on what consumers prefer for?
Production Availability of technologies on breed type, feed and health
Skills on breed adaptability vs. FS, forage development and vet services limited
Input supply/credit
Large area for forage development, vet service and breed supply
Wide spread forage shortage, inadequate vet services and breed selection
3. Main value chain interventions3.1 Extension
Knowledge EAP/WKC/FTCs Study tours/field days Student thesis
Skills Training participatory market oriented development – gender
balanced Involvement of specialized staff from research, regional bureaus,
consultants, farmers Linkages
Woreda Advisory and Learning committees Fattening and/or forage platforms Business linkages between value chain actors and service
providers
3. Main value chain interventions…
Short term commercial fattening of small and large ruminants (feed lot approach)
Shelter/housing Planted back yard/irrigated fodder grasses & legumes, Grazing area improvements (clearance, enclosures, cut
and carry – individual, communal) Fodder treatment – crop residues, chopping Feeding – supplementary feeding, UMB Breeds – Boran for meat/milk, improved local sheep
breeds (Bonga, Washera) Health – de-worming at start of fattening period
3.2 Production
3. Main value chain interventions…
Forage seed multiplication–FTCs, farmers/private Producers of UMB Creating linkages between concentrate suppliers
and producers Community breeding schemes for small ruminants Controlled breeding in communal and private
herds and bull stations for large ruminants Mass insemination of large ruminants Community based trips control Credit for commercial fattening Community based insurance scheme
3.3 Input/service delivery
3. Main value chain interventions…
Market assessment studies Price information collection/delivery system Linking producers to terminal markets Collective marketing action Cattle fairs
3.4 Processing/marketing
4. Results
Fodder intervention in grazing area successful and resulted in significant increases in quantity and quality of feed resources
Crop residue treatment not well adopted Short term fattening of oxen profitable for
smallholders Short term fattening of small ruminants profitable
but requires medium scale herds (5-10) Credit and community based insurance can work Women can benefit from small ruminants fattening
and can graduate to ox fattening/other businesses
4.1 Feed development: Harvest frequency
Re-growth:
off-season rainfall
High biomass: Adequate moisture
Re-growth: Residual moisture
Jan
JuneSept
4. Results…
4.1 Feed development…Harvesting frequency
4. Results…
4.1 Feed development: Harvest frequency
4. Results…
4.1 Feed development: Starting position (Wo)
Wo
Improved
Traditional
Time (months)
Growth rate
II
I
III
to
4. Results…
4.1 Feed development…Forage quantity
4. Results…
4.1 Feed development: Quality and diversity
Changes in botanical composition: • Mix of grasses and legume species. • The highly palatable forage species emerged
4. Results…
4.2 Fattening uptake and income…LR
Source: Household survey data (2009)Note: a Cash outlay is expenditure on purchased feed, drug, and veterinary services
4. Results…
4.3 Gender and environmentGender Access to communal resources in forage production Use improved feeding (83% ) Breed selection adopted/adapted (68%) using age, body size and sex. Female farmers roughly doubled the sale of sheep (4.6 to 9.4 animals/year) About 90% of the beneficiary women controlled the income
4. Results…
4.3 Gender and environment…
Environment: Ground cover, compaction, more diversity
4.3 Gender and environment…
Environment: Flowers for bees
4.3 Gender and environment…Environment: Gully stabilization, surface/groundwater development
5.1 Fattening uptake and income: LR
5. Impact across IPMS PLWs
5. Impact across IPMS PLWs…
5.1 Fattened oxen
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 20110
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
45000
50000
Years
Fa
tte
ne
d o
xe
n/y
r
5. Impact…
5.1 Fattening income…LR
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 20110
50000000
100000000
150000000
200000000
250000000
300000000
Year
To
tal
rev
en
ue
/yr
5.1 Fattening beneficiaries…LR
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 20110
2500
5000
7500
10000
12500
15000
17500
20000
22500
25000
Year
Be
ne
fic
iary
HH
s/y
r
5. Impact…
5. Impact…
5.2 Fattening uptake and income: SR
5. Impact…
5.2 Fattened shoats
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 20110
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
300000
350000
Year
Fa
tte
ne
d s
ho
at/
yr
5. Impact…
5.2 Fattening income of shoats
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 20110
20000000
40000000
60000000
80000000
100000000
120000000
Year
To
tal
rev
en
ue
/yr
4. Impacts…
5.2 Fattening beneficiaries of shoats
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 20110
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
Year
Be
ne
fic
iary
HH
s/y
r
6. Lessons and challenges
Breed improvement system Choice of breeds (local, exotic, cross breed) Breeding system – natural, artificial Approaches to improve natural and artificial
insemination Reduction in mortality through phasing of pregnancy Focus on larger scale commercialized fatteners with credit
and insurance Reduction in diseases through thermo stable vaccines Linking with export market demand
6. Lessons and challenges…
LivestockFatteningsystem
Health
Feed
Breed
Knowledge managementKnowledge
management
Capacity development
Capacity development
Commodity developmentCommodity
development
Research (scaling
out/up)
Research (scaling
out/up)
Thank you!