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TOC Motivation Introduction Research Methodology Me4DCAP V0.1 Future Work Conclusions Questions THE END
Me4DCAP V0.1: A method for the development of DublinCore Application Profiles
Mariana Curado Malta & Ana Alice BaptistaAlgoritmi Center, University of Minho
[email protected]@dsi.uminho.pt
ELPUB, Karlskrona - Sweden 2013
This project is financed with FEDER funds by the Programa Operacional Fatores de Competitividade – COMPETE
and by Portuguese National Funds through FCT – Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia for the project:
FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-022674
Mariana Malta & Ana Alice Baptista
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TOC Motivation Introduction Research Methodology Me4DCAP V0.1 Future Work Conclusions Questions THE END
Motivation
Introduction
Research Methodology
Me4DCAP V0.1
Conclusions
Questions
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TOC Motivation Introduction Research Methodology Me4DCAP V0.1 Future Work Conclusions Questions THE END
WHY?
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TOC Motivation Introduction Research Methodology Me4DCAP V0.1 Future Work Conclusions Questions THE END
Semantic Web, Metadata, RDF
I Semantic Web related project
I the Semantic Web is about common formats for theintegration and combination of data from different sources
I Its architecture has several layers
I One layer, the “Data interchange: RDF“ has to do withmetadata
I Metadata: data that describes resources with information,and that follows well defined rules of metadata-schemes
I Metadata-scheme: a set of elements designed for a specificpurpose - to describe a particular resource
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TOC Motivation Introduction Research Methodology Me4DCAP V0.1 Future Work Conclusions Questions THE END
DCAM, DCAP
I Dublin Core Metadata Initiative (DCMI1), created newinstruments with a goal: to speak a common language
I Dublin Core Abstract Model (DCAM): a model developed forDCMI syntax specifications
I presents the components and constructs used in DCMIdatabases
I one of them is the Dublin Core Application Profiles (DCAP)
I A DCAP is a generic construct for designing metadatarecords
1http://dublincore.org/Mariana Malta & Ana Alice Baptista
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TOC Motivation Introduction Research Methodology Me4DCAP V0.1 Future Work Conclusions Questions THE END
DCAM, DCAP
I Dublin Core Metadata Initiative (DCMI1), created newinstruments with a goal: to speak a common language
I Dublin Core Abstract Model (DCAM): a model developed forDCMI syntax specifications
I presents the components and constructs used in DCMIdatabases
I one of them is the Dublin Core Application Profiles (DCAP)
I A DCAP is a generic construct for designing metadatarecords
1http://dublincore.org/Mariana Malta & Ana Alice Baptista
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TOC Motivation Introduction Research Methodology Me4DCAP V0.1 Future Work Conclusions Questions THE END
DCAP: a construct that enhances interoperability
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TOC Motivation Introduction Research Methodology Me4DCAP V0.1 Future Work Conclusions Questions THE END
DCAP: a construct that enhances interoperability
INTEROPERABILITY
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TOC Motivation Introduction Research Methodology Me4DCAP V0.1 Future Work Conclusions Questions THE END
Research Problem
I A DCAP development is a complex taskI it needs an adequate support
I A study we have performed [7] shows that:I (to the best of our knowledge)
there is no formal method for the development of DCAP
I It is imperative to have such a method
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TOC Motivation Introduction Research Methodology Me4DCAP V0.1 Future Work Conclusions Questions THE END
Research Problem
I A DCAP development is a complex taskI it needs an adequate support
I A study we have performed [7] shows that:I (to the best of our knowledge)
there is no formal method for the development of DCAP
I It is imperative to have such a method
Mariana Malta & Ana Alice Baptista
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TOC Motivation Introduction Research Methodology Me4DCAP V0.1 Future Work Conclusions Questions THE END
Design Science Research - Introduction
Design Science Research (DSR)
I DSR aims at the development of innovative artifacts thatsolve real-world problems [8]
I An artifact is something that is artificial, constructed byhumans [10]
I These artifacts can be constructs, models, methods, orinstantiations of one of these 3 [11]
I ”Artifacts must be improved upon existing solutions to aproblem or perhaps provide a first solution to an importantproblem” [10, p.6]
I Our artifact is a method: A method for the developmentof DCAP (Me4DCAP)
I Me4DCAP is an exaptation2
2according to Hevner and Gregor in the recently published MISQ journal article - June 2013
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TOC Motivation Introduction Research Methodology Me4DCAP V0.1 Future Work Conclusions Questions THE END
Design Science Research - Introduction
Design Science Research (DSR)
I DSR aims at the development of innovative artifacts thatsolve real-world problems [8]
I An artifact is something that is artificial, constructed byhumans [10]
I These artifacts can be constructs, models, methods, orinstantiations of one of these 3 [11]
I ”Artifacts must be improved upon existing solutions to aproblem or perhaps provide a first solution to an importantproblem” [10, p.6]
I Our artifact is a method: A method for the developmentof DCAP (Me4DCAP)
I Me4DCAP is an exaptation2
2according to Hevner and Gregor in the recently published MISQ journal article - June 2013
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TOC Motivation Introduction Research Methodology Me4DCAP V0.1 Future Work Conclusions Questions THE END
Design Science Research - Application
We used A. Hevner [11] framework:I 3 cycles:
I The Relevance Cycle: Metadata Community - provides therequisites for the Construction moments of the Design Cycleand an application context for Field Testing
I The Design Cycle - construction and evaluation moments(experimental situation with a group of the SSE worldcommunity - DCAP-SSE)
I The Rigor Cycle - gives the Ground Theories for the DesignCycle Construction moments and than Theorises and Justifiesabout the design process and the results
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TOC Motivation Introduction Research Methodology Me4DCAP V0.1 Future Work Conclusions Questions THE END
Design Science Research - Application
We used A. Hevner [11] framework:I 3 cycles:
I The Relevance Cycle: Metadata Community - provides therequisites for the Construction moments of the Design Cycleand an application context for Field Testing
I The Design Cycle - construction and evaluation moments(experimental situation with a group of the SSE worldcommunity - DCAP-SSE)
I The Rigor Cycle - gives the Ground Theories for the DesignCycle Construction moments and than Theorises and Justifiesabout the design process and the results
Mariana Malta & Ana Alice Baptista
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TOC Motivation Introduction Research Methodology Me4DCAP V0.1 Future Work Conclusions Questions THE END
Design Science Research - Application
We used A. Hevner [11] framework:I 3 cycles:
I The Relevance Cycle: Metadata Community - provides therequisites for the Construction moments of the Design Cycleand an application context for Field Testing
I The Design Cycle - construction and evaluation moments(experimental situation with a group of the SSE worldcommunity - DCAP-SSE)
I The Rigor Cycle - gives the Ground Theories for the DesignCycle Construction moments and than Theorises and Justifiesabout the design process and the results
Mariana Malta & Ana Alice Baptista
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TOC Motivation Introduction Research Methodology Me4DCAP V0.1 Future Work Conclusions Questions THE END
Take a deep breath....... here we go!
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TOC Motivation Introduction Research Methodology Me4DCAP V0.1 Future Work Conclusions Questions THE END
Starting point
A DCAP is defined in the Singapore Framework for Dublin CoreApplication Profiles [5]
I Functional Requirements (Mandatory)
I Domain Model (Mandatory)
I Description Set Profile (Mandatory)
I Usage guidelines (optional)
I Encoding Syntax guidelines (optional)
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TOC Motivation Introduction Research Methodology Me4DCAP V0.1 Future Work Conclusions Questions THE END
Introduction
I The development of a DCAP is a process by stages
I Me4DCAP defines:I The composition of the work-team and
I ... the type of work each work-team-member should do
I The deliverables at every stage
I The techniques used to develop those deliverables
I The process workflow
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TOC Motivation Introduction Research Methodology Me4DCAP V0.1 Future Work Conclusions Questions THE END
Phases
Me4DCAP V0.1 phases
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TOC Motivation Introduction Research Methodology Me4DCAP V0.1 Future Work Conclusions Questions THE END
Deliverables Workflow
Me4DCAP V0.1 deriverables Workflow
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TOC Motivation Introduction Research Methodology Me4DCAP V0.1 Future Work Conclusions Questions THE END
Deliverables Sequence development
Me4DCAP V0.1 deriverables sequence development
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TOC Motivation Introduction Research Methodology Me4DCAP V0.1 Future Work Conclusions Questions THE END
Work-Team
The work-team should have at least one person of each of thefolowing profiles:
I Manager: has knowledge of the application domain
I System Analyst: has technical skills in data modeling and inrequirements elicitation
I Metadata Programmer: understands the Semantic Webconcepts
I Final User: works with the Web System that will be using theDCAP in development
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TOC Motivation Introduction Research Methodology Me4DCAP V0.1 Future Work Conclusions Questions THE END
Glossary
A Glossary should be developed during the whole processdevelopment
I It is a very important deliverable because of themultidisciplinarity of the work-team
I it is important that members of the work-team speak all acommon language
I A Glossary is a text document with the keywords (and itsdescription) used in the process
I All work-team members should contribute to the Glossary
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TOC Motivation Introduction Research Methodology Me4DCAP V0.1 Future Work Conclusions Questions THE END
Functional Requirements
To build the Functional Requirements Me4DCAP obliges thedevelopment of the following deliverables:
I Work-Plan: time planning of the project activities (e.g aGantt Chart) (all team; Manager leads)
I Vision Statement: shows what developers want to reachwith the DCAP development; it defines the scope of theDCAP(all team; Manager leads)
I Use Cases High Level: a list of the Use-Cases to bedescribed in the Use-Case Model (all team; System analyst leads)
(continues...)
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TOC Motivation Introduction Research Methodology Me4DCAP V0.1 Future Work Conclusions Questions THE END
Functional Requirements
To build the Functional Requirements Me4DCAP obliges thedevelopment of the following deliverables:
I Work-Plan: time planning of the project activities (e.g aGantt Chart) (all team; Manager leads)
I Vision Statement: shows what developers want to reachwith the DCAP development; it defines the scope of theDCAP(all team; Manager leads)
I Use Cases High Level: a list of the Use-Cases to bedescribed in the Use-Case Model (all team; System analyst leads)
(continues...)
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TOC Motivation Introduction Research Methodology Me4DCAP V0.1 Future Work Conclusions Questions THE END
Functional Requirements
To build the Functional Requirements Me4DCAP obliges thedevelopment of the following deliverables:
I Work-Plan: time planning of the project activities (e.g aGantt Chart) (all team; Manager leads)
I Vision Statement: shows what developers want to reachwith the DCAP development; it defines the scope of theDCAP(all team; Manager leads)
I Use Cases High Level: a list of the Use-Cases to bedescribed in the Use-Case Model (all team; System analyst leads)
(continues...)
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TOC Motivation Introduction Research Methodology Me4DCAP V0.1 Future Work Conclusions Questions THE END
Functional Requirements
(Continued from last page...)
I Use-Cases Model. It is composed by:I the UML Use-Cases diagrams with the actors that interact in
the Use-CasesI the set of all detailed Use-Cases: the sequence of actions.
(all team; System analyst leads)
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Domain Model
The Domain Model “captures the most important types of objectsin the context of the system.” [13, p. 119]
I based on the Functional Requirements and on the Use-CasesModel deliverables
I and on other information or documents, if available
I An UML class diagram with details suppressed:I The diagram identifies the classes of objects and the
relationships among them
I classes’ methods and attributes are omitted
(all team; System Analyst leads)
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TOC Motivation Introduction Research Methodology Me4DCAP V0.1 Future Work Conclusions Questions THE END
Domain Model
The Domain Model “captures the most important types of objectsin the context of the system.” [13, p. 119]
I based on the Functional Requirements and on the Use-CasesModel deliverables
I and on other information or documents, if available
I An UML class diagram with details suppressed:I The diagram identifies the classes of objects and the
relationships among them
I classes’ methods and attributes are omitted
(all team; System Analyst leads)
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TOC Motivation Introduction Research Methodology Me4DCAP V0.1 Future Work Conclusions Questions THE END
Description Set Profile
To build the Description Set Profile Me4DCAP obliges thedevelopment of the following deliverables:
I The Integration Dossier
I The Validation Dossier (in laboratory)
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Description Set Profile - Integration Dossier
The Integration Dossier is composed by 3 mandatory deliberables:I An ORM/NIAM diagram:
I classes of objects (defined in the Domain Model);I attributes of the classes of objects;I attributes’ constraints, such as their repeatability and range
(all team; System analyst leads)
Craftsman
(Name)
Product
(Name)
is made by makes
Price
Shop
(Title)costs. . . at
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TOC Motivation Introduction Research Methodology Me4DCAP V0.1 Future Work Conclusions Questions THE END
Description Set Profile - Integration Dossier
The Integration Dossier is composed by 3 mandatory deliberables:
I An ORM/NIAM diagram:I classes of objects (defined in the Domain Model);I attributes of the classes of objects;I attributes’ constraints, such as their repeatability and range
I A State Of The Art report: A State of the art to existingmetadata schemes that are described in RDF (Metadata Programmer)
I If the metadata schemes of the State of The Art report doesnot fullfill the needs of properties descriptions the work-teamwill have to coin new RDF properties
I A Document of Integration: shows, in a matrix, per line,every property or class and its constraints, described by theproperties of the metadata schemes and encoding schemeschosen (Metadata Programmer)
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TOC Motivation Introduction Research Methodology Me4DCAP V0.1 Future Work Conclusions Questions THE END
Description Set Profile - Integration Dossier
The Integration Dossier is composed by 3 mandatory deliberables:
I An ORM/NIAM diagram:I classes of objects (defined in the Domain Model);I attributes of the classes of objects;I attributes’ constraints, such as their repeatability and range
I A State Of The Art report: A State of the art to existingmetadata schemes that are described in RDF (Metadata Programmer)
I If the metadata schemes of the State of The Art report doesnot fullfill the needs of properties descriptions the work-teamwill have to coin new RDF properties
I A Document of Integration: shows, in a matrix, per line,every property or class and its constraints, described by theproperties of the metadata schemes and encoding schemeschosen (Metadata Programmer)
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TOC Motivation Introduction Research Methodology Me4DCAP V0.1 Future Work Conclusions Questions THE END
Description Set Profile - Integration Dossier
The Integration Dossier is composed by 3 mandatory deliberables:
I An ORM/NIAM diagram:I classes of objects (defined in the Domain Model);I attributes of the classes of objects;I attributes’ constraints, such as their repeatability and range
I A State Of The Art report: A State of the art to existingmetadata schemes that are described in RDF (Metadata Programmer)
I If the metadata schemes of the State of The Art report doesnot fullfill the needs of properties descriptions the work-teamwill have to coin new RDF properties
I A Document of Integration: shows, in a matrix, per line,every property or class and its constraints, described by theproperties of the metadata schemes and encoding schemeschosen (Metadata Programmer)
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TOC Motivation Introduction Research Methodology Me4DCAP V0.1 Future Work Conclusions Questions THE END
Description Set Profile - Validation Dossier (in laboratory)
The Validation Dossier (in laboratory) is composed by 3mandatory deliberables:
I A Validation Report (all team): to check the DCAP adequacy towhat has been defined in the “Vision Statement”
I A Document of Validation (all team - Metadata Programer leads):I To check the DCAP adequacy to the resources that are going
to be described by itI To apply the DCAP descriptors to a resource sample
I A Questionnaire: Answer to a set of questions to assess thedifficulties of the validation process (all team; Manager leads)
I According to the results of the Validation Dossier, the processiterates or follows to the Description Set Profile development
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TOC Motivation Introduction Research Methodology Me4DCAP V0.1 Future Work Conclusions Questions THE END
Description Set Profile - Validation Dossier (in laboratory)
The Validation Dossier (in laboratory) is composed by 3mandatory deliberables:
I A Validation Report (all team): to check the DCAP adequacy towhat has been defined in the “Vision Statement”
I A Document of Validation (all team - Metadata Programer leads):I To check the DCAP adequacy to the resources that are going
to be described by itI To apply the DCAP descriptors to a resource sample
I A Questionnaire: Answer to a set of questions to assess thedifficulties of the validation process (all team; Manager leads)
I According to the results of the Validation Dossier, the processiterates or follows to the Description Set Profile development
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TOC Motivation Introduction Research Methodology Me4DCAP V0.1 Future Work Conclusions Questions THE END
Description Set Profile - Validation Dossier (in laboratory)
The Validation Dossier (in laboratory) is composed by 3mandatory deliberables:
I A Validation Report (all team): to check the DCAP adequacy towhat has been defined in the “Vision Statement”
I A Document of Validation (all team - Metadata Programer leads):I To check the DCAP adequacy to the resources that are going
to be described by itI To apply the DCAP descriptors to a resource sample
I A Questionnaire: Answer to a set of questions to assess thedifficulties of the validation process (all team; Manager leads)
I According to the results of the Validation Dossier, the processiterates or follows to the Description Set Profile development
Mariana Malta & Ana Alice Baptista
Me4DCAP V0.1: A method for the development of Dublin Core Application Profiles
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TOC Motivation Introduction Research Methodology Me4DCAP V0.1 Future Work Conclusions Questions THE END
Description Set Profile - Validation Dossier (in laboratory)
The Validation Dossier (in laboratory) is composed by 3mandatory deliberables:
I A Validation Report (all team): to check the DCAP adequacy towhat has been defined in the “Vision Statement”
I A Document of Validation (all team - Metadata Programer leads):I To check the DCAP adequacy to the resources that are going
to be described by itI To apply the DCAP descriptors to a resource sample
I A Questionnaire: Answer to a set of questions to assess thedifficulties of the validation process (all team; Manager leads)
I According to the results of the Validation Dossier, the processiterates or follows to the Description Set Profile development
Mariana Malta & Ana Alice Baptista
Me4DCAP V0.1: A method for the development of Dublin Core Application Profiles
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TOC Motivation Introduction Research Methodology Me4DCAP V0.1 Future Work Conclusions Questions THE END
Guidelines
I The Usage Guidelines and Syntax Guidelines are notmandatory in the Singapore Framework
I Me4DCAP recommends that they should be developed
I the developing of the Usage Guidelines should start at thesame time as the Domain Model development (Managers and Metadata
Programers)
I The development of the Syntax Guidelines (Metadata Programers)needsthat the Integration Dossier has been already developed in acertain stage in order to have already some maturity
Deliverables sequence
Mariana Malta & Ana Alice Baptista
Me4DCAP V0.1: A method for the development of Dublin Core Application Profiles
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TOC Motivation Introduction Research Methodology Me4DCAP V0.1 Future Work Conclusions Questions THE END
Guidelines
I The Usage Guidelines and Syntax Guidelines are notmandatory in the Singapore Framework
I Me4DCAP recommends that they should be developed
I the developing of the Usage Guidelines should start at thesame time as the Domain Model development (Managers and Metadata
Programers)
I The development of the Syntax Guidelines (Metadata Programers)needsthat the Integration Dossier has been already developed in acertain stage in order to have already some maturity
Deliverables sequence
Mariana Malta & Ana Alice Baptista
Me4DCAP V0.1: A method for the development of Dublin Core Application Profiles
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TOC Motivation Introduction Research Methodology Me4DCAP V0.1 Future Work Conclusions Questions THE END
Guidelines
I The Usage Guidelines and Syntax Guidelines are notmandatory in the Singapore Framework
I Me4DCAP recommends that they should be developed
I the developing of the Usage Guidelines should start at thesame time as the Domain Model development (Managers and Metadata
Programers)
I The development of the Syntax Guidelines (Metadata Programers)needsthat the Integration Dossier has been already developed in acertain stage in order to have already some maturity
Deliverables sequence
Mariana Malta & Ana Alice Baptista
Me4DCAP V0.1: A method for the development of Dublin Core Application Profiles
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TOC Motivation Introduction Research Methodology Me4DCAP V0.1 Future Work Conclusions Questions THE END
Validation in Production
I Use of log registration technique
I observing final-users working with a system that implementedthe DCAP (metadata programers)
I the results of this validation in production are reported to thewhole team in order to review and access the DCAPdefinitions
I I If there is any new information to add, the process starts fromBlock 1
Mariana Malta & Ana Alice Baptista
Me4DCAP V0.1: A method for the development of Dublin Core Application Profiles
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TOC Motivation Introduction Research Methodology Me4DCAP V0.1 Future Work Conclusions Questions THE END
Validation in Production
I Use of log registration technique
I observing final-users working with a system that implementedthe DCAP (metadata programers)
I the results of this validation in production are reported to thewhole team in order to review and access the DCAPdefinitions
I I If there is any new information to add, the process starts fromBlock 1
Mariana Malta & Ana Alice Baptista
Me4DCAP V0.1: A method for the development of Dublin Core Application Profiles
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TOC Motivation Introduction Research Methodology Me4DCAP V0.1 Future Work Conclusions Questions THE END
Validation in Production
I Use of log registration technique
I observing final-users working with a system that implementedthe DCAP (metadata programers)
I the results of this validation in production are reported to thewhole team in order to review and access the DCAPdefinitions
I I If there is any new information to add, the process starts fromBlock 1
Mariana Malta & Ana Alice Baptista
Me4DCAP V0.1: A method for the development of Dublin Core Application Profiles
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TOC Motivation Introduction Research Methodology Me4DCAP V0.1 Future Work Conclusions Questions THE END
Mariana Malta & Ana Alice Baptista
Me4DCAP V0.1: A method for the development of Dublin Core Application Profiles
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TOC Motivation Introduction Research Methodology Me4DCAP V0.1 Future Work Conclusions Questions THE END
Next steps:
I The construction of DCAP-SSE is still in place - finishing theDesign Cycle
I The Evaluation of Me4DCAP V0.1 will be executed(Relevance Cycle)
I Me4DCAP V0.2
Future Work:
I Me4DCAP V0.2 field testing - call for testing
I Work in another Me4DCAP Version ??
Mariana Malta & Ana Alice Baptista
Me4DCAP V0.1: A method for the development of Dublin Core Application Profiles
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TOC Motivation Introduction Research Methodology Me4DCAP V0.1 Future Work Conclusions Questions THE END
I A DCAP is a very important construct to implementinteroperability
I (to the best of our knowledge)
there is no formal method for the development of DCAP
I We have presented a first version of a contribution for such amethod: Me4DCAP V0.1
I We have presented Me4DCAP:
I The composition of the work-team and
I ... the type of work each work-team-member should do
I The deliverables at every stage
I The techniques used to develop those deliverables
I The process workflow
Mariana Malta & Ana Alice Baptista
Me4DCAP V0.1: A method for the development of Dublin Core Application Profiles
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TOC Motivation Introduction Research Methodology Me4DCAP V0.1 Future Work Conclusions Questions THE END
Mariana Curado Malta & Ana Alice Baptista
Algoritmi Center, University of Minho
[email protected]@dsi.uminho.pt
Further Information:http://algoritmi.uminho.pt
QUESTIONS?
Mariana Malta & Ana Alice Baptista
Me4DCAP V0.1: A method for the development of Dublin Core Application Profiles
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TOC Motivation Introduction Research Methodology Me4DCAP V0.1 Future Work Conclusions Questions THE END
Look for references in the paper
Mariana Malta & Ana Alice Baptista
Me4DCAP V0.1: A method for the development of Dublin Core Application Profiles