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MB 3.1: Life in a community
MB 4.1: Population Dynamics
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What was a Limiting Factor?What are the two types of limiting factors?• A factor that restrains the growth of a population
2 Types:Density DependentDensity Independent
• Populations cannot grow indefinitely because the resources they depend upon become scarce and wastes accumulate.
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Journal: What are some things that you think may
be limiting factors???
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Limiting Factors
Density-Independent Factors -Reduce the population size by the same proportion, regardless of the population’s size.
Ex. weather, flood, fires
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Limiting Factors
Density-Dependent Factors -Reduce the population size and are triggered by increasing population density.
Ex. Shortage of food, nesting sites, resource limitations, Disease
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The graph below is an example of a _______________ .
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What is the limiting factor for plant growth that is studied in this tolerance curve?
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Succession Primary Succession: occurs following an opening of
uninhabited, barren habitat without plants and topsoil.
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Secondary Succession: occurs on preexisting soil after the environment has been disrupted
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Population
• A population is a group of organisms that belong to the same species and live in a particular place at the same time.
• Ex. all the bass living in a pond during a certain period of time.
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Properties of Populations
1. Population Size- the number of individuals it contains
COUNTRY POPULATION SIZE
PERCENTAGE
World 6,671,226,000 100%
China 1,323,324,000 19.84%
India 1,131,729,000 16.96%
United States 303,885,000 4.56%
Iceland 316,252 0.005%
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Properties of Populations
2. Population Density- measures how crowded a population is. It is expressed as the number of individuals per unit of area or volume
Ex. U.S. states with greatest population density New Jersey and lowest population density Alaska.
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Properties of Populations
3. Dispersion- the spatial distribution of individuals within a population.
Ex. random, clumped, even
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Exponential Growth
• When a population increases rapidly, only after a few generations and the larger the population gets, the faster it grows.
• Exponential population growth forms a characteristic J- shaped curve
• Ex. Bacteria and flies
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Limiting Factor
• A factor that restrains the growth of a population
Journal: What are some examples of limiting factors?
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Limiting Factor
• A factor that restrains the growth of a population
In reality populations cannot grow indefinitely because the resources they depend upon become scarce and wastes accumulate.
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Limiting Factors
1. Density-Independent Factors -Reduce the population size by the same proportion, regardless of the population’s size.
Ex. weather, flood, fires
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Limiting Factors
2. Density-Dependent Factors -Reduce the population size and are triggered by increasing population density.
Ex. Shortage of food, nesting sites, resource limitations, Disease
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Logistic Model of Pop. Growth• The logistic model builds on the
exponential model but accounts for the influence of limiting factors.
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Logistic Model of Pop. Growth
• Carrying Capacity- the number of individuals the environment can support over a long period of time.
• A graph of logistic growth is S- shaped
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Competition• Occurs when fundamental niches overlap• Species use the same limited resources.
– Competitive Exclusion
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Resource Partitioning
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Begin Succession Activity