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Matter – Anything that has mass and occupies space.
Chemistry is the study of the properties of matter and how matter changes
Properties of matter: ways to describe matter
ex: color, texture, flammability, magnetic, etc.
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Every form of matter has 2 kinds of properties
physical propertieschemical properties
Physical property: a characteristic of a pure substance that can be observed without changing it into another substance.
Ex: H2O freezes at 0oC
More ex: density, hardness, texture, color, if the substance dissolves in H2O, flexibility, heat conduction, and more!
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Chemical Property: A characteristic of a pure substance that describes its ability to change into a different substance.
Ex.: Flammability ~ When methane burns it combines with oxygen and forms carbon dioxide and water.
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Element: A pure substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical or physical means.
Atom: The basic particle from which all elements are made.
Molecule: A particle made of 2 or more atoms held together by chemical bonds
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Compound: A pure substance made of 2 or more elements chemically bonded.
Ex.: CO2 ~ Carbon dioxide
H2O ~ water
C12H22O11 ~ table sugar
Each of these compounds has different properties than the individual elements that make it.
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Mixtures: 2 or more substances that are mixed together but not chemically combined.
Ex.: soil
sugar dissolved in water
air (oxygen, nitrogen, & other gases)
brass (copper & zinc)