Download - Matter and Its Properties
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Matter and Its Properties
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Physical Properties
• A characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the sample’s composition.
– 1. Extensive –dependent on the amount of a substance• Examples: mass, length, volume, amount of energy in a substance
– 2. Intensive – independent of the amount of substance present• Examples: density, pressure, temperature, melting point, boiling point, ability to
conduct electricity
Is the example below extensive or intensive?• Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius no matter how much water is in the container
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Chemical Properties
• Relates to a substance’s ability to undergo changes that transform it into different substances.
• Example: The ability of charcoal (carbon) to burn in air. It combines with oxygen in the air to form a new substance, carbon dioxide gas.
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Physical Change
• A change in a substance that does not involve a change in the identity of the substance
• Examples: grinding, cutting, melting, boiling
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Chemical Change
• A change in which one or more substances are converted into different substances.
• Example: Charcoal combining with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide
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Law of Conservation of Mass
• mass is neither created or destroyed in a chemical reaction but is conserved
• Mass (reactants) = Mass (products)
50 grams before = 50 grams after
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matter and energy
• matter: anything that has mass and takes up space
• energy: ability to do work or cause change• energy is used anytime a change in matter
occurs• energy is used anytime a change in matter
occurs
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kinds of matter
• fundamental kinds of matter interact to form everything around us– elements– compounds– mixtures
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elements
• substances that cannot be broken down into other substances chemically or physically
• examples– sodium– oxygen– carbon– aluminum
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compounds
• substances made of two or more elements combined chemically
compounds have properties different from those of the
original elements
• examples– water: hydrogen and
oxygen– salt: sodium and chlorine
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mixtures
• combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined
• examples– salad– frosted cake– kool-aid
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Heterogeneous Mixture
- Has visibly different parts (granite, chocolate chips, salad) 1. Suspension- a mixture whose particles settle out over time
and can be separated from the mixture by filtration.2. Colloid- a mixture in which the dispersed particles do not
settle out. (examples: milk, fog, butter, ink)
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Homogeneous Mixtures
• Do not have visibly different parts( seawater, air, Kool-Aid)
- Also called a solution.
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Separation of Mixtures
a separation process is used to transform a mixture of substances into two or more distinct parts based on their properties.
1. Filtration2. Distillation3. Chromatography
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Filtration
• The process used to separate a solid or suspension from a liquid.
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Distillation
• The separation of a liquid mixture into its components on the basis of differences in boiling points
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Chromatography
• the separation, especially of closely related compounds, by allowing a solution or mixture to seep through an adsorbent (such as clay, gel, or paper) so each compound becomes adsorbed into a separate, often colored, layer.
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