MATH VOCABULARY FOR BASIC CALCULATIONS
Fina Cano CuencaI.E.S. “Don Bosco”. Albacete
9 4
1 2
set collection of items
symbol:
members of a set are called elements
There are 4 elements in this set
Venn diagram a diagram using circles or other shapes to show the relationship between sets
2, 4, 6, 8
14
0.142857142857...17
3.14159295359... 2 1.414213...
34
numerator
denominator
12
1 11 =1+2 2
13
1 13 =3+
3 3
14
1 12 =2+
4 4
59
23
56
2 24 =4+
3 3
530
proper fraction
numerator is less than the denominator
Example:
improper fraction
numerator is greater than or equal to denominator
Example:
mixed number
whole number and a fraction
Example:
equivalent fractions
fractions that represent the same number
Example:
reduce we reduce a fraction by finding an equivalent fraction in which the numerator and denominator are as small as possible
Example:
45
54
1 12 2
5 5
1 4 52 8 10
1215
45
power of (number)
the number of times a base number is multiplied by itself 104
Index (exponent)Base number
Read as Expanded Value
32
three squared or three to the power of two
3·3 9
53
five cubed or five to the power of three
5·5·5 125
25 two to the power of five 2·2·2·2·2 32
104 ten to the power of four 10·10·10·10 10 000
factorise to write a number as a product of its factors
prime factorisation
to write a number as a product of its prime factors
greatest common factor or divisor (GCF)
the biggest number that will divide two or more other numbers exactly
Example: the greatest common factor of 30, 45 and 60 is 15
least common multiple (LCM)
the smallest number that is the multiple of two or more other numbers
Example: the least common multiple of 3, 4 and 6 is 12
12 4 3
212 2 2 3 2 3
square number
a number that results from multiplying another number by itself
Example: 9 is a square number because 9 = 32
A square number can be represented in the shape of a square.
cube number
a number that results from multiplying another number three times by itself
Example: 125 is a cube number because 125 = 53
A cubed number can be represented in the shape of a cube.
53 = 125
square root of a number
a number when multiplied by itself gives the original number
Example:
cube root of a number
one of three identical factors of a number that is the product of those factors
Example:
29 3 3·3 3 9
3 3125 5 5·5·5 5 125
even number a number that is divisible by 2
Example: 3788
Even numbers end with 2, 4, 6, 8 or 0
The sequence of even numbers is:2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, … and so on
odd number a number that is not divisible by 2
Example: 4399
Odd numbers end with 1, 3, 5, 7 or 9
The sequence of odd numbers is:1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, … and so on